Causative form
A causative form, in linguistics, (a) is an expression of an agent causing or forcing a patient to perform an action or to be in a certain condition--salient cause, (b) is an expression of a patient involves in a non-volitional event that registers the changes of its state--salient effect, (c) is an expression of a grammatical modality in perfective (sequential) or subjenctive (hypothetical) or realis (non-hypothetical) state--perceptual salient. In Korean, this form is called 사동.
Forming causatives
Explaining the form with subject marker, object marker, etc.
Active verb | Causative verb | Examples |
---|---|---|
먹다 (to eat) | 먹이다 (to feed) |
Active- 나는 김치를 먹는다.(I eat Kimchi) Causative- 나는 강아지에게 물을 먹인다.(I made my dog to drink water) |
죽다 (to die) | 죽이다 (to kill) |
Active- 지진 때문에 많은 사람이 죽었다. (Many people died from the earthquake.) Causative- 그는 사람을 죽였다. (He killed a person.) |
붙다 (to stick to) | 붙이다 (to stick) | |
끓다 (to boil) | 끓이다 (to make something boil) |
Active- 물은 100℃ 이상에서 끓는다. (Water boils in the temperature of 100℃ and over.) Causative- 나는 김치찌개를 끓였다. (I boiled the Kimchi-jjigae.) |
보다 (to see, to look, to watch) | 보이다 (to show) |
Active- 나는 영화를 보았다. (I saw a movie.) Causative- 학생이 내게 사진을 보였다. (A student showed me a photograph.) |
속다 (to be fooled, to be deceived) | 속이다 (to trick, to deceive, to lie) |
Active- 또다시 일기예보에게 속았다. (I am fooled by the weather forecast again.) Causative- 절대로 사람을 속이지 마라. (Never deceive a person.) |
Active verb | Causative verb | Examples |
---|---|---|
익다 | 익히다 | |
읽다 (to read) | 읽히다 | |
입다 (to wear) | 입히다 | |
앉다 (to sit) | 앉히다 | |
눕다 | 눕히다 | |
맞다 | 맞히다 |
Active verb | Causative verb | Examples |
---|---|---|
알다 | 알리다 | |
울다 | 울리다 | |
돌다 | 돌리다 | |
살다 | 살리다 | |
놀다 | 놀리다 | |
걷다 | 걸리다 |
Active verb | Causative verb | Examples |
---|---|---|
벗다 | 벗기다 | |
신다 | 신기다 | |
웃다 | 웃기다 | |
맡다 | 맡기다 | |
감다 | 감기다 | |
씻다 | 씻기다 |
Active verb | Causative verb | Examples |
---|---|---|
깨다 | 깨우다 | |
서다 | 세우다 | |
쓰다 | 씌우다 | |
자다 | 재우다 | |
타다 | 태우다 |
Creating causative form
The causative form can also be created using: See V + 게 하다