ㄹ irregular verbs
Verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㄹ 받침 are irregular. Some examples of include 알다, 살다, 열다 and 팔다. These verbs/adjectives don't follow normal conjugation rules required for 받침 containing stems, and instead follow the conjugation rules of non 받침 verbs. Also if followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, then the ㄹ in the stem disappears.
Explanation
Normally verb/adjectives whose stem has a 받침 follows a certain type of rule to conjugate it with a grammar pattern. If you notice in this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, some examples include A/V + (으)면, A/V + (으)니까. So for example, the pattern A/V + (으)면 has two rules, if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem.
For example the verb 먹다 has a 받침, so if combined with, say this grammar pattern: A/V + (으)면, it will use A/V + 으면 since it has a 받침 and it will be conjugated as 먹으면. However verb/adjectives whose stem ends with ㄹ 받침 do not follow these rules like the rest of the consonants.
If these ㄹ verbs are followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, then the ㄹ disappears.
- show image
also cases like 로, 면
ㄹ can't be used with (으) cases?
seperate table for ㄹ + grammars like future tense, 로, and 면? Also ㄴ/는데
Verb/Adjective | + Grammar Pattern | Result | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
길다 (to be long) | |||
놀다 (to play, hang out) | A/V + 아 / 어 / 여 + 요 | 놀아 | No conflicts, regular form |
들다 (to carry) | |||
만들다 (to make) | A/V + ㅂ니다 / 습니다 | 만듭니다 | explain (??) |
말다 (Don't ~) | V + 지 말다 + 세요 | V + 지 마세요 | ㄹ collides with ㅅ, so ㄹ disappears. Note in this example 말다 is part of the grammar pattern. |
살다 (to live) | A/V + (으)면 | 살면 | ㄹ 받침s doesn't follow the normal rules, so just gets 면 appended to it |
알다 (to know) | |||
열다 (to open) | |||
울다 (to cry) | A/V + 니 | 우니 | ㄹ collides with ㄴ, so ㄹ disappears |
팔다 (to sell) | V + 세요 | 파세요 | ㄹ collides with ㅅ, so ㄹ disappears |
힘들다 (to be difficult, tiring) | A/V + (으)니까 | 힘드니까 | ㄹ can't be used with (으) in this case and also collides with ㄴ, so ㄹ disappears |