경상 dialect

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Pronunciation

  • Lacks ㅟ and ㅚ
  • Little difference between ㅡ and ㅓ, and ㅐ and ㅔ
    • 언어 and 은어 → [어너]
  • Lacks some double consonants, like ㅆ
    • 쌌다 → [싿따]
  • Dipthongs commonly loose the 'w' sound
    • 사과 → [사가]
  • Sometimes ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅡ become either ㅓ or ㅣ when there's vowel assimilation
    • 막히다 → [매키다]
    • 먹이다 → 매기다
    • 옮기다 → 앵기다
    • 죽이다 → 지기다
  • Sometimes a ㄱ, ㅋ, or ㄲ at the beginning of a word becomes ㅈ, ㅊ, or ㅉ
    • 김치 → [짐치]
    • 기름 → [지름]
  • Sometimes a beginning 히 becomes a 시
    • 힘 → [심]
  • Sometimes a beginning consonant becomes a double
    • 과자 → [까자]

Grammar

The Gyeongsang dialect maintains a trace of Middle Korean: the grammar of the dialect distinguishes between a yes-no question and a wh-question, while Standard Modern Korean does not. With an informal speech level, for example, yes-no questions end with "-a (아)" and wh-questions end with "-o (오)" in the Gyeongsang dialect, whereas in standard speech both types of questions end in either "이" or "어" without a difference between the types of questions. For example:

  • "밥 묵읏나?" (Bap mugeutna?) as opposed to "밥 먹었니?" (Bap meogeotni?) or "밥 먹었어?" (Bap meogeosseo?) — "Did you eat?"
  • "머 하노?" (Meo hano?) as opposed to "뭐 하니?" (Mwo hani?) or "뭐 해?" (Mwo hae?) — "What are you doing?"

Notice that the first question can be answered with a yes or no, while the latter question is to be answered otherwise.

This phenomenon can also be observed in tag questions, which are answered with a yes or no.

  • "Eopje, geujya?" (업제 그쟈?) as opposed to "Eopji, geureotchi?" (없지, 그렇지?) — "It isn't there, is it?"

Noun modifiers

  • Instead of -이 after a noun, it becomes -이가
    • 가심이가 아푸다
  • Instead of -을/-를, it becomes 로
    • 물로 묵고
  • Instead of -에게, it becomes -인대
    • 이거 나인대 잇던 거 아이가?
  • Instead of -와/-과, it becomes -캉
    • 내캉 가치 가자.

Verbs

  • Sometimes verbs add 어 instead of 아 for glue
    • 받아 → [받어]
  • Sometimes the glue changes
    • 비벼 → 비비
    • 줘 → 조
  • Sometimes the bottom consonant isn't removed
    • 더워 → 덥어
    • 나아 → 낫아
  • Some verbs are very different
    • 먹다 → 묵다
      • 먹으면 → 무우면
      • 먹어서 → 무우서

Verb Endings

Statements

  • -ㅁ니더/-심니더 (합쇼체)
  • -내 (하게체)
  • -ㄴ다/-넌다 (해라체)
  • Verbs adding 요 for middle form add 얘 instead
    • 여기 있어요 → 여기 잇어얘
    • 여기 있는데요 → 여기 잇넌대얘

Questions

  • -ㅁ니꺼/-심니꺼 (합쇼체)
  • -넌교/-(으)ㄴ교 (합쇼체)
  • -넌가/-(으)ㄴ가 (하게체)
  • -나 (해라체)

Questions with where, why, etc. end with:

  • -넌고/-(으)ㄴ고 (하게체)
    • 어대 가넌고?
    • 이건 누구 책고?
  • -노 (해라체)

Questions with just yes or no answers, end with:

  • -넌가/-(으)ㄴ가 (하게체)
    • 집애 가넌가?
    • 이건 니 책가?
  • -나 (해라체)

Other

  • (합쇼체) (으)ㅂ시다 → -(으)입시더
  • 못V can change to [몬]V
    • 못 하다 → 몬 하다
    • 못 오다 → 몬 오다
  • The quote form can change
    • 뭐라고요? → 머라꼬예?
    • 뭐라고 했냐? → 머라 캣노?
  • A verb description a noun can change (-는 → -넌) (-았-/-었- → -앗-/-엇-)
    • 밥을 먹은 사람 → 밥 무웃넌 사람

Vocabulary

  • Sometimes where you see a ㅂ or ㅅ where there isn't one in the standard dialect, it's because it's closer to older Korean (ㅸ, ㅿ)
  • Sometimes where you see a ㅗ where there's a ㅏ in the standard dialect, it's because it's closer to older Korean (ㆍ)
General 경상도
Dialect Standard English
정구지 부추 korean leek
찌짐/지짐이 korean pan fried food
가시개 가위 scissors
새그럽다 시다 sour
정지 부엌 kitchen
따시다 따뜻하다 warm
찹다 차갑다 cold
디다 힘들다/지치다 exhausted
올리다 토하다 vomit
뽀꿈쥐다 꽉 잡다 grab tight
데피다 데우다 heat up
봉다리 봉지 plastic bag
어제 아래 그저께 the day before yesterday
문때다 문지르다 rub off
억수로 매우 많이 very much
가시나
머시마
아이 kid
아지매 고모, 이모
아재 삼촌
어무이 어머니
아부지 아버지
폴 (like ᄑᆞᆯ)
뽀리다 (like ᄲᆞᄅᆞ다) 빠르다
새비 (like 사ᄫᅵ) 새우
무시 (like 무ᅀᅮ) 무우

Phrases

General 경상도
Dialect Standard English
밥 뭇나?/밥 먹었나? 밥 먹었어? Have you eaten?
밥 무라 밥 먹어. Come and eat.
와이라노/와이카노 왜 그래? What's wrong?
맞나? 정말? Really?
글라? 그래? Really?
뭐라캐싼노? 뭐라구?/뭐라고 얘기하고 있는거야? What are you talking about?
뭐라고 씨부리쌌노! 너 지금 무슨말을 하고있는 거야! What the hell are you talking about?
뭐고?/뭐꼬? 뭐야? What is it?
가가가가? 걔가 그사람이야? Is he the guy?
엔가이 좀 해라 그만 좀 해. Stop it. That's enough.
디질래? 죽을래? Do you wanna die or something?
죽고싶나 ? 죽고 싶어? Do you wanna die or something?
뿌사뿔라 부셔버릴거야. I'll break it.
아 쫌!! 아 그만좀 해. 너 왜자꾸 그러는거니? That's enough. What's wrong with you?
아니다안캤나 아니라고 하지 않았니? I said no.
이리온나. 이리와. Come here.

See also