Category:Verb endings

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Tense And Politness Level

To make declarative, interrogative, imperative and "let's" sentences,at different levels of politeness, you take the verb stem and add the following suffixes.

1. Declarative Sentences

Verb Ending Politness level Tense
-아/어/여요 Formal Present
-았/었/였어요 Formal Past
-(으)ㄹ거예요 Formal Future
-ᄇ/습니다 Honorific Present
-았/었/였-습니다 Honorific Past
-(으)ᄅ 겁니다 Honorific Future
-아/어/여 Informal Present
-았/었/였어 Informal Past
-(으)ㄹ 거야 Informal Future

2. Interrogative Sentences

Verb Ending Politness level Tense
-(으)ㄹ까요 Formal Present(used in future tense too)
-았/었/였+-(으)ㄹ까요 Formal Past
-ᄇ/습니까 Honorific Present
-았/었/였 +습니까 Honorific Past
-(으)ᄅ 겁니까 Honorific Future
-(으)ㄹ까 Informal Present (used in future tense too)
-았/었/였+-(으)ㄹ까 Informal, Intimate Past

3. Imperative Sentences

Verb Ending Politness level Tense Meaning
-(으)세요 Formal Present
-아/어/여 + 주세요 Formal Present Implies the meaning "Do it for me"
-(으)십시오 Honorific Present
-(으)세 Informal Present

4. "Let's" Sentences

Verb Ending Politness level Tense
-아/어/여요 (same as present tense) Formal Future
-ㅂ/읍시다 Honorific Future
-자 Informal Future

Various Endings

The following endings are in 격식체 (formal). If you want to make sentences in 비격식체 (informal), you just drop the 요.

Korean Romanization Meaning
-지 마세요 -ji ma-se-yo Don't do it, don't do "something"
-지 않다 -ji an-ta Negative form of verbs (Ex:먹지 않다 = to not eat)
-(으)ㄹ<ref>Verb stems ending with a vowel + ㄹ.

Verb stems ending with a consonant + 을.</ref> 수 있다

-(eu)l su it-da To “can” do something
-(으)ㄹ 수 없다 -(eu)l su eops-da To “can not” do something
-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다 -(eu)l jul al-da To "know how to do" something
-(으)ㄹ 줄 모르다 -(eu)l jul mo-reu-da To "not know how to do" something
-을/를<ref>Verb stems ending with a vowel + 를.

Verb stems ending with a consonant + 을.</ref> 잘 하다

-eul/reul jal ha-da To be "good at" doing something
-을/를 못 하다 -eul/reul mot ha-da To be "bad/poor at" doing something
-아/어/여<ref>Verb stems ending with a vowel ㅏ or ㅗ + 아.

Verb stems ending with another vowel than ㅏ or ㅗ + 어.
Verb stems ending with 하 + 여 .</ref> + -야 되다/하다

-a/eo/yeo + -ya doe-da/ha-da To have to, must ,should
-a/eo/yeo + To not have to
-(으)면 -(eu)myeon Verb ending for “if” (Ex:자면 = If you sleep...)
-고 있다 -go it-da Present progressive(Ex:일하고 있어요 = I am working)
-기만 하다 -gi-man ha-da Implies the meaning of "only" (Ex:보기만 하다 = to only see, to just look)
-(으)ㄹ까요 -(eu)l-kka-yo Shall we...? or I wonder...
-(으)ㄹ게요 -(eu)l-ge-yo Your futures actions or decisions AS A REACTION TO or AS A RESULT OF what the

other person says (Ex:공부할게요=(If you say so) I will study.

-(으)ㄴ/-는/-(으)ㄹ 것 같아요<ref>-(으)ㄴ 것 같아요 = present tense for descriptive verbs / past tense for action verbs

-는 것 같아요 = present tense for action verbs

-(으)ㄹ 것 같아요 = future tense for action/descriptive verbs .</ref>

-(eu)n/-neun/-(eu)l geot ga-ta-yo To look like/to seem like + verb (Ex:비싼 것 같아요 = It looks expensive.)

References

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