Difference between revisions of "Hangeul step 1"

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(I have added why I really dislike romanization. It is based on English, and if I see romanization and pronounce it as Dutch, I am totally wrong.)
 
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{{HangeulTop}}
 
{{HangeulTop}}
  
==Inleiding==
+
==Introduction==
[[File:TTMIK.png|right|link=http://www.talktomeinkorean.com]]
+
[[File:Recorded by.jpg|right|thumb|250px|link=http://www.talktomeinkorean.com|Hyunwoo and Mikyung - Steps 2, 3<br>Seokjin and Kyoung-eun: Steps 4, 5, 6<br>http://www.talktomeinkorean.com ]]
Welkom. De basis van het Koreaanse schrift heb je, anders dan die van het Japanse en Chinese, in een paar uur onder de knie. Je kunt Koreaanse woorden alleen maar juist uitspreken als je gebruik maakt van het Koreaanse schrift. Niet alle klanken van het Nederlands en het Koreaans komen overeen, dus is het meestal niet handig om gebruik te maken van [[Romanisatie]]. We hebben een zesstappenplan ontwikkeld en maken gebruik van diverse methoden om iedereen het Koreaanse schrift snel en effectief te leren. Dit is een samenwerkingsproject van het Korean Wiki Project en [http://www.talktomeinkorean.com TalktomeinKorean.com]. We zijn op zoek gegaan naar de juiste mensen om de Hangeul-klanken in te spreken en zij hebben vrijwillig aan dit project meegewerkt. We willen ze hartelijk danken voor hun inzet en hulp.
+
'''Welcome.''' Unlike Japanese and Chinese, the basics of the Korean script can be learned in a matter of hours. The finer points of pronunciation, however, and spacing can take years. The most popular way to write Korean words in modern times is to use the Korean script, Hangeul (한글). You still may sometimes see [[Hanja]] used, especially in newspapers, legal documents and academic writing.  
  
Vanaf 17-02-2010 zijn er Stappen beschikbaar. Je kunt het beste tot en met Stap 3 doen, de test maken en stoppen bij Stap 4. '''Stap 5''' en '''Stap 6''' '''zijn nog niet beschikbaar''', maar daar wordt op dit moment aan gewerkt. In de toekomst komt er ook een Stap 7 met diepgaandere informatie over de uitspraak.
+
English and Korean do not have perfectly matching sounds, so using [[romanization]] to represent the sounds of the Korean language is frowned upon.  
  
Als je problemen, opmerkingen of vragen hebt over dit deel kun je  [http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/posts/learn-how-to-read-and-write-and-write-in-korean/ hier] een reactie achterlaten. (Je hoeft daarvoor geen account aan te maken.)
+
On the following pages we have laid out a six-step lesson plan and have employed various methods to help others learn the Korean script quickly and effectively. This is a joint project between the Korean Wiki Project and [http://www.talktomeinkorean.com TalktomeinKorean.com]. We have been looking for the right voices to represent the Hangeul sounds and they volunteered time from their busy schedule to move this project forward. We are very thankful for their effort and support.
  
==Geschiedenis in het kort==
+
''A seventh step will also be created in the future to help you with advanced pronunciation.''
''Zie volledig artikel bij [[Wikipedia:Origin_of_Hangul|Het ontstaan van Hangeul]]''
+
{{-}}
[[Image:Hunmin jeong-eum.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Een bladzijde uit de Hunmin Jeong-eum Eonha]]
+
 
Het Hangeul werd onder Sejong de Grote ingevoerd en was rond 1444 voltooidTot die tijd, en zelfs nog daarna, werd er in Chinese karakters geschreven, waardoor lezen en schrijven was voorbehouden aan de koninklijke en bestuurlijke elite.  Koning Sejong wilde een eigen schrift voor Korea, dat eenvoudig door iedereen geleerd kon worden, zelfs door het gewone volkToen het Hangeul er eenmaal was, werd gezegd dat het leren ervan zo eenvoudig was dat een wijze man het 's ochtends en een domme man 's avonds doorhadOm die reden heeft de Koreaanse aristocratie zich een tijd afgezet tegen het Hangeul. Zij was namelijk van mening dat alleen de sociale bovenlaag van de bevolking het recht zou moeten hebben om te leren lezen en schrijven.
+
==Why Learn the Korean Alphabet?==
 +
Some people feel that learning Romanized Korean is sufficient and do not realize how much it holds them back from becoming better at Korean. Below are some simple reasons why Korean Romanization is bad.
 +
 
 +
*'''English sounds and Korean sounds are not the same.''' Would it make sense to try to learn English using the Korean alphabet? Especially when there are no F, V, and Z sounds in Korean? Obviously Korean does not contain all the sounds of English, and in the same sense, English does not contain all the sounds of Korean. Therefore the English alphabet cannot accurately represent the sounds of Korean. If one wants to learn English, one should learn the English alphabet and its sounds. In the same sense, if one wants to learn Korean, one should learn the Korean alphabet and its sounds.
 +
*'''Korean Romanization is misleading and ambiguous.'''
 +
**If one has no experience with Korean at all and uses a book with travel phrases with Romanized Korean, the pronunciation will be totally off. For example, how would you pronounce the Romanized word 'neon' ? Like 'ni-yon' or closer to 'nun'? The pronunciation is closer to 'nun' but how would you know that when it is spelled like the English word 'neon?'
 +
**There are various Romanization systems and sometimes it is hard to know which system one is using. For example, the gold medal Olympic skater "Kim Yuna" (김연아) is not romanized in the traditional way, but is instead spelled closer to its English pronunciation. If it were assumed it was from the Revised Romanization System, it would sound like Yoona, not Yuna since yu represents ㅠ  not ㅕ.
 +
**There is no such sounds as Woo and Yi and it is impossible to write in Korean, yet sometimes the sound ㅜ gets spelled as Woo and 이 gets spelled as Yi.
 +
**Romanization is based on the English use of the Latin alphabet. If that is not your native language, you have to 'think back' how you would pronounce these letters in English. For example 'ㅈ' is in romanization 'j'. But the 'j' in Dutch, German or Spanish is not at all like the 'j' in English. That can be confusing, especially when you try to read in a high pace.
 +
 
 +
For more reasons, see: [[Romanization#Problems]].
 +
==Brief History==
 +
''See full article at [[Wikipedia:Origin_of_Hangul|The Origin of Hangeul]]''
 +
[[File:King Sejong.JPG|thumb|right|200px|King Sejong]]
 +
[[Image:Hunmin jeong-eum.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A page from the Hunmin Jeong-eum Eonha]]
 +
Hangeul was introduced under Sejong the Great and finished around 1444.  Up until and even after that time, Chinese characters were used as the written language, limiting reading and writing to the royal and government elite.  King Sejong wanted Korea to have its own script that could be easily learned by anyone -- even commonersKoreans were also embarrassed by the fact that they had no writing system and were forced to use Chinese to write with. After its creation, Hangeul was said to be easy enough to learn that a wise man could finish it in the morning and a fool could finish it by nightFor this reason there was opposition to Hangeul for a time by Korean aristocrats, believing only those of social superiority should have this special privilege.  
 +
 
 +
Ever since Hangeul was first introduced, it has gone through many phases of refinement.  Korean went through a large reformation during the Japanese colonization in the early 1900's, removing many of the [[Archaic and obsolete letters|now-archaic letters]] and changing several rules.
  
Sinds de introductie van het Hangeul is er veel aan het schrift geschaafd.  Het Koreaans heeft tijdens de Japanse bezetting van begin negentiende eeuw een grote hervorming ondergaan, waarbij nu archaïsche letters zijn verwijderd en diverse regels zijn veranderd.
+
Hangeul is considered easy to learn by many people because most of the similar shaped letters have a similar sound as well, making it easy to see the relationship and making it easy to memorize.
  
Lees voor meer informatie over Hangeul dit [[Wikipedia:Hangul|wikipedia-artikel]].
 
Wie Koreaanse gebarentaal wil leren kan kijken op de bladzijde over [[gebarentaal]].
 
 
{{-}}
 
{{-}}
  
==Letters==
+
==Basics==
Koreaans verschilt zeer van andere Aziatische talen omdat het gebruik maakt van in karaktervorm gerangschikte letters.  Net als in het Nederlands worden letters opgedeeld in medeklinkers en klinkers.
+
  
===Medeklinkers===
+
===Consonants===
De letters voor de medeklinkers worden onderverdeeld in vijf groepen, elk met een basisvorm en een of twee letters die zijn afgeleid van die vorm en die gemaakt worden door extra strepen toe te voegen. De basisvormen vertegenwoordigen de positie van de tong, het gehemelte, de tanden en de keel tijdens het vormen van de klanken. Medeklinkerclusters komen niet vaak voor en kunnen alleen op de positie van de ondermedeklinker van een lettergreep staan.
+
There are 14 basic consonants in Korean and five double consonants which are formed from the basic consonants ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ, and respectively.
*Vlak: [[]], [[ㄴ]], [[]], [[ㄹ]], [[ㅁ]], [[]], [[]], [[ㅇ]], [[]], [[ㅎ]]
+
*[[Stress|Gespannen]] of glottale medeklinkers (geschreven als twee vlakke, identieke medeklinkers en gemaakt door de betreffende spraakorganen aan te spannen): [[ㄲ]], [[ㄸ]], [[ㅃ]], [[ㅆ]], [[ㅉ]]
+
*[[Aspiration|Aangeblazen]] (meer lucht uitblazen dan bij de vlakke medeklinker waarop hij gebaseerd is): [[ㅊ]], [[ㅋ]], [[ㅌ]], [[ㅍ]]
+
*Medeklinkerclusters (bestaand uit twee niet verwante medeklinkers): [[ㄳ]], [[ㄵ]], [[ㄶ]], [[ㄺ]], [[ㄻ]], [[ㄼ]], [[ㄽ]], [[ㄾ]], [[ㄿ]], [[ㅀ]], [[ㅄ]]
+
  
<!--====Design====
+
{| class="wikitable" style = "margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
De letters voor de medeklinkers worden onderverdeeld in vijf groepen, elk met een basisvorm en een of twee letters die zijn afgeleid van de vorm door de toevoeging van strepen. De basisvormen vertegenwoordigen de positie van de tong, het gehemelte, de tanden en de keel tijdens het vormen van de klanken.-->
+
|-
 +
|Basic consonants
 +
|[[File:Basic consonants.png]]
 +
|-
 +
| Double consonants
 +
|[[File:Double consonants.png]]
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Vowels===
 +
There are eight basic vowel sounds along with 13 other complex vowel sounds. These complex vowels are called diphthongs, which are combinations of no more than two vowels. Whereas multiple vowels are normally voiced in separate syllables, each vowel composing a diphthong is voiced together within one syllable. As you can also see just from looking, most diphthongs are combinations of two basic vowels.
  
<!--{| class="wikitable"
+
All basic vowels are created by three types of strokes. The first stroke symbolizes Heaven and is a dot (•), though in modern Korean this dot is just a simple, short stroke. The next type of stroke symbolizes earth and is a horizontal line (ㅡ). The final stroke symbolizes man (ㅣ). These symbols are combined to create the Korean vowels, for example | plus • makes ㅏ.
 +
{| class="wikitable" style = "margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
 
|-
 
|-
|+Uitspraak
+
|Basic vowels
! Plaats↓ Wijze→ !! [[:Category:Stop consonants|Plosief]] !! [[:Category:Affricate consonants|Affricatief]] !! [[:Category:Fricative consonants|Fricatief]] !! [[:Category:Nasal consonants|Nasaal]] !! [[:Category:Approximant consonants|Approximant]]
+
|[[File:Basic vowels.png]]
 
|-
 
|-
! [[:Category:Velar consonants|Velaar]] ([[아]][[음]] <牙音> "kaakklanken")
+
|Complex vowels
| [[]], [[]], [[]]
+
|[[File:Complex vowels.png]]
|  
+
|}
|  
+
 
|
+
==Syllable Blocks==
|
+
Korean words are written from left to right and words are formed by writing each syllable in a block-like shape. Each letter inside the block forms a sound. The word for 'person' is 사람, romanized as 'saram,' and consists of two syllables. The letters ㅅ + ㅏ make the syllable block of 사 ('sa'), while ㄹ + ㅏ + ㅁ make the next syllable 람 ('ram'). The picture below will show you a sound approximation of each  of the Korean sounds contained in the word. Also note that written Korean doesn't actually draw boxes around the syllables, this is just for illustrative purposes.
 +
[[File:사람.png|center]]
 +
 
 +
Korean syllables are organized into blocks of letters that have a beginning consonant, a middle vowel, and an optional final consonant. A syllable block is composed of '''a minimum of two letters''', consisting of at least one consonant and one vowel. In our lesson plan, Steps 2, 3 and 4 will focus on just words with a consonant and one horizontal vowel, and words with a consonant and one vertical vowel (see below). Step 5 will introduce the final consonant concept and step 6 will show syllables that can consist of double vowels.
 +
[[File:Syllable blocks1.png|center]]
 +
 
 +
Also note if you want to write only a vowel, it must be written with the consonant [[]], which acts as a silent placeholder for the consonant position. Why? Think of the ying and the yang concept. If one wants to write the vowel ㅏ, they would have to write it as 아 with ㅇ being a silent placeholder for the consonant position. An easy way to remember this is to think of the ㅇ as a zero. More examples below:
 +
{| class="wikitable" style = "margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;font-size:200%;"
 +
|- style="font-size:50%;"
 +
! Original vowel
 +
! Written by itself
 
|-
 
|-
! [[:Category:Coronal consonants|Coronaal]] ([[설]][[음]] <舌音> "tongklanken")
+
|
| [[ㄷ]], [[ㄸ]], [[ㅌ]]
+
|
|
+
|
+
| [[ㄴ]]
+
| [[ㄹ]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
! [[:Category:Bilabial consonants|Bilabiaal]] ([[순]][[음]] <唇音> "lipklanken")
+
|
| [[ㅂ]], [[ㅃ]], [[ㅍ]]
+
|
|
+
|
+
| [[ㅁ]]
+
|  
+
 
|-
 
|-
! [[:Category:Sibilant consonants|Sibilant]] ([[치]][[음]] <齒音> "tandklanken")
+
|
|
+
|
| [[ㅈ]], [[ㅉ]], [[ㅊ]]
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| [[ㅅ]], [[ㅆ]]
+
|  
+
|  
+
 
|-
 
|-
! [[:Category:Glottal consonants|Glottaal]] ([[후]][[음]] <喉音> "keelklanken")
+
|
|  
+
|
|  
+
|-
|  
+
|
| [[ㅇ]]
+
|
| [[ㅎ]]
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|-
 +
| ㅜ
 +
| 우
 +
|-
 +
| ㅡ
 +
| 으
 +
|-
 +
| ㅣ
 +
| 이
 
|}
 
|}
-->
 
  
===Klinkers===
+
==Writing==
Koreaanse klinkers kunnen niet los geschreven worden maar moeten vergezeld gaan van een medeklinker. Als er in een lettergreep alleen een klinker wordt uitgesproken dient de medeklinker "ㅇ" als stille plaatsaanduider voor de medeklinkerpositie. Waarom moet er in het Koreaans altijd een medeklinker bij een klinker? Denk aan het concept van yin en yang. Bijvoorbeeld, om de klank ㅏ in een woord te maken moet hij geschreven worden als 아, waarbij ㅇ de stille medeklinker is die als plaatsaanduider voor de medeklinker dient.
+
As already mentioned, Korean words are written from left-to-right and top-to-bottom in block-like forms. In the next few sections you will learn how to write each letter and its appropriate stroke order. While stroke order may not seem important at first, it is important when writing Korean naturally and helps others to be able to read your handwriting. The shapes and size of the letters can be stretched or compressed to fill in the block space and to make it evenly sized with other all other syllables. In the example below, you can see how the size and shape of the letter ㄱ changes to fill in this imaginary block (highlighted in sky blue).
*Vlakke klinkers: [[ㅏ]], [[ㅓ]], [[ㅗ]], [[ㅜ]], [[ㅡ]], [[ㅣ]]
+
[[File:Sentence block example.png|center]]
*Iotized (Nederlands: ''needed'') (Met een 'j' voor de klinker): [[ㅑ]], [[ㅕ]], [[ㅛ]], [[ㅠ]]
+
*Tweeklanken (combinaties, meestal met een 'w'-klank): [[ㅐ]], [[ㅒ]], [[ㅔ]], [[ㅖ]], [[ㅚ]], [[ㅟ]], [[ㅢ]], [[ㅘ]], [[ㅝ]], [[ㅙ]], [[ㅞ]]
+
  
<!--====Design====
 
Klinkers bestaan uit drie elementen:
 
* Een horizontale streep die staat voor de platte Aarde, de essentie van yin.
 
* Een punt (tegenwoordig een kort streepje) voor de Zon in de hemelen, de essentie van yang.
 
* Een verticale streep voor de rechtopstaande Mens, de neutrale tussenpersoon tussen de Hemel en de Aarde.
 
Klinkers kunnen op basis van hun harmonie worden gerangschikt:
 
*[[:Category:Light vowels|Positief / Helder / Voorklinker / Yang]]: [[ㅏ]], [[ㅑ]], [[ㅗ]], [[ㅛ]], [[ㅐ]], [[ㅘ]], [[ㅚ]], [[ㅙ]]
 
*[[:Category:Dark vowels|Negatief / Donker / / Achterklinker / Yin]]: [[ㅓ]], [[ㅕ]], [[ㅜ]], [[ㅠ]], [[ㅔ]], [[ㅝ]], [[ㅟ]], [[ㅞ]]
 
*[[:Category:Neutral vowels|Neutraal / Midden]]: [[ㅡ]], [[ㅣ]], [[ㅢ]]
 
In Koreaanse [[onomatopeeën]] kun je het volume van een klank veranderen door de klinker te veranderen in een heldere klinker om hem zachter of een donkere klinker om hem harder te maken-->
 
  
==Structuur==
+
Now we are going to start learning some letters, which are called [[jamo]]. Please note that, in order to view these lessons in their entirety, you must have [http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/ Adobe Flash Player] installed. This will allow you to play all included audio files on the following pages. Don't worry, you more than likely have it installed on your computer already.
De structuur van het Hangeul valt het eenvoudigst te omschrijven als een combinatie van een letterschrift zoals de Nederlandse taal en een karakterschrift zoals het Chinees.  Koreaanse lettergrepen worden gerangschikt in blokken van letters met een beginmedeklinker (genaamd Cho (Hangeul: ''needed'')), een middenklinker (genaamd Jung (Hangeul: ''needed'')) en een optionele eind- of ondermedeklinker (genaamd de batchim (Hangeul: 빋침)). Een lettergreepblok bestaat minimaal uit twee letters, waaronder een medeklinker en een klinker.
+
*ㄱ + ㅏ = 가
+
*ㄴ + ㅜ + ㄴ = 눈
+
 
+
===Mogelijke lettergreepcombinaties===
+
<gallery>
+
Image:Cons vowel horiz.gif|Medeklinker + klinker (horizontaal): zeer vaak
+
Image:Cons vowel cons horiz.gif|Medeklinker + klinker + medeklinker (horizontaal): zeer vaak
+
Image:Cons vowel cons cluster horiz.gif|Medeklinker + klinker + medeklinkercluster: niet vaak
+
Image:Cons vowel vert.gif|Medeklinker + klinker (verticaal): zeer vaak
+
Image:Cons vowel cons vert.gif|Medeklinker + klinker + medeklinker (verticaal): zeer vaak
+
Image:Cons vowel cons cluster vert.gif|Medeklinker + klinker + medeklinkercluster (verticaal): niet vaak
+
Image:Cons_vowel_vowel.gif|Medeklinker + tweeklank (klinkers): vaak
+
Image:Cons vowel vowel cons.gif|Medeklinker + tweeklank (klinkers) + medeklinker: vaak
+
Image:Cons vowel vowel cons cluster.gif|Medeklinker + tweeklank (klinkers) + medeklinkercluster: zelden tot nooit
+
</gallery>
+
 
+
Nu gaan we een paar letters leren (jamo (Hangeul: ''needed''))!
+
  
 
{| border=0 style="text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
 
{| border=0 style="text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
|-  
+
|-
 
| [[File:Next.png|link=Hangeul step 2|150px]]
 
| [[File:Next.png|link=Hangeul step 2|150px]]
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
{{Languages|Hangeul_step_1}}

Latest revision as of 14:04, 9 January 2016

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Introduction

Hyunwoo and Mikyung - Steps 2, 3
Seokjin and Kyoung-eun: Steps 4, 5, 6
http://www.talktomeinkorean.com

Welcome. Unlike Japanese and Chinese, the basics of the Korean script can be learned in a matter of hours. The finer points of pronunciation, however, and spacing can take years. The most popular way to write Korean words in modern times is to use the Korean script, Hangeul (한글). You still may sometimes see Hanja used, especially in newspapers, legal documents and academic writing.

English and Korean do not have perfectly matching sounds, so using romanization to represent the sounds of the Korean language is frowned upon.

On the following pages we have laid out a six-step lesson plan and have employed various methods to help others learn the Korean script quickly and effectively. This is a joint project between the Korean Wiki Project and TalktomeinKorean.com. We have been looking for the right voices to represent the Hangeul sounds and they volunteered time from their busy schedule to move this project forward. We are very thankful for their effort and support.

A seventh step will also be created in the future to help you with advanced pronunciation.

Why Learn the Korean Alphabet?

Some people feel that learning Romanized Korean is sufficient and do not realize how much it holds them back from becoming better at Korean. Below are some simple reasons why Korean Romanization is bad.

  • English sounds and Korean sounds are not the same. Would it make sense to try to learn English using the Korean alphabet? Especially when there are no F, V, and Z sounds in Korean? Obviously Korean does not contain all the sounds of English, and in the same sense, English does not contain all the sounds of Korean. Therefore the English alphabet cannot accurately represent the sounds of Korean. If one wants to learn English, one should learn the English alphabet and its sounds. In the same sense, if one wants to learn Korean, one should learn the Korean alphabet and its sounds.
  • Korean Romanization is misleading and ambiguous.
    • If one has no experience with Korean at all and uses a book with travel phrases with Romanized Korean, the pronunciation will be totally off. For example, how would you pronounce the Romanized word 'neon' ? Like 'ni-yon' or closer to 'nun'? The pronunciation is closer to 'nun' but how would you know that when it is spelled like the English word 'neon?'
    • There are various Romanization systems and sometimes it is hard to know which system one is using. For example, the gold medal Olympic skater "Kim Yuna" (김연아) is not romanized in the traditional way, but is instead spelled closer to its English pronunciation. If it were assumed it was from the Revised Romanization System, it would sound like Yoona, not Yuna since yu represents ㅠ not ㅕ.
    • There is no such sounds as Woo and Yi and it is impossible to write in Korean, yet sometimes the sound ㅜ gets spelled as Woo and 이 gets spelled as Yi.
    • Romanization is based on the English use of the Latin alphabet. If that is not your native language, you have to 'think back' how you would pronounce these letters in English. For example 'ㅈ' is in romanization 'j'. But the 'j' in Dutch, German or Spanish is not at all like the 'j' in English. That can be confusing, especially when you try to read in a high pace.

For more reasons, see: Romanization#Problems.

Brief History

See full article at The Origin of Hangeul

King Sejong
A page from the Hunmin Jeong-eum Eonha

Hangeul was introduced under Sejong the Great and finished around 1444. Up until and even after that time, Chinese characters were used as the written language, limiting reading and writing to the royal and government elite. King Sejong wanted Korea to have its own script that could be easily learned by anyone -- even commoners. Koreans were also embarrassed by the fact that they had no writing system and were forced to use Chinese to write with. After its creation, Hangeul was said to be easy enough to learn that a wise man could finish it in the morning and a fool could finish it by night. For this reason there was opposition to Hangeul for a time by Korean aristocrats, believing only those of social superiority should have this special privilege.

Ever since Hangeul was first introduced, it has gone through many phases of refinement. Korean went through a large reformation during the Japanese colonization in the early 1900's, removing many of the now-archaic letters and changing several rules.

Hangeul is considered easy to learn by many people because most of the similar shaped letters have a similar sound as well, making it easy to see the relationship and making it easy to memorize.


Basics

Consonants

There are 14 basic consonants in Korean and five double consonants which are formed from the basic consonants ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ, and ㅈ respectively.

Basic consonants Basic consonants.png
Double consonants Double consonants.png

Vowels

There are eight basic vowel sounds along with 13 other complex vowel sounds. These complex vowels are called diphthongs, which are combinations of no more than two vowels. Whereas multiple vowels are normally voiced in separate syllables, each vowel composing a diphthong is voiced together within one syllable. As you can also see just from looking, most diphthongs are combinations of two basic vowels.

All basic vowels are created by three types of strokes. The first stroke symbolizes Heaven and is a dot (•), though in modern Korean this dot is just a simple, short stroke. The next type of stroke symbolizes earth and is a horizontal line (ㅡ). The final stroke symbolizes man (ㅣ). These symbols are combined to create the Korean vowels, for example | plus • makes ㅏ.

Basic vowels Basic vowels.png
Complex vowels Complex vowels.png

Syllable Blocks

Korean words are written from left to right and words are formed by writing each syllable in a block-like shape. Each letter inside the block forms a sound. The word for 'person' is 사람, romanized as 'saram,' and consists of two syllables. The letters ㅅ + ㅏ make the syllable block of 사 ('sa'), while ㄹ + ㅏ + ㅁ make the next syllable 람 ('ram'). The picture below will show you a sound approximation of each of the Korean sounds contained in the word. Also note that written Korean doesn't actually draw boxes around the syllables, this is just for illustrative purposes.

사람.png

Korean syllables are organized into blocks of letters that have a beginning consonant, a middle vowel, and an optional final consonant. A syllable block is composed of a minimum of two letters, consisting of at least one consonant and one vowel. In our lesson plan, Steps 2, 3 and 4 will focus on just words with a consonant and one horizontal vowel, and words with a consonant and one vertical vowel (see below). Step 5 will introduce the final consonant concept and step 6 will show syllables that can consist of double vowels.

Syllable blocks1.png

Also note if you want to write only a vowel, it must be written with the consonant , which acts as a silent placeholder for the consonant position. Why? Think of the ying and the yang concept. If one wants to write the vowel ㅏ, they would have to write it as 아 with ㅇ being a silent placeholder for the consonant position. An easy way to remember this is to think of the ㅇ as a zero. More examples below:

Original vowel Written by itself

Writing

As already mentioned, Korean words are written from left-to-right and top-to-bottom in block-like forms. In the next few sections you will learn how to write each letter and its appropriate stroke order. While stroke order may not seem important at first, it is important when writing Korean naturally and helps others to be able to read your handwriting. The shapes and size of the letters can be stretched or compressed to fill in the block space and to make it evenly sized with other all other syllables. In the example below, you can see how the size and shape of the letter ㄱ changes to fill in this imaginary block (highlighted in sky blue).

Sentence block example.png


Now we are going to start learning some letters, which are called jamo. Please note that, in order to view these lessons in their entirety, you must have Adobe Flash Player installed. This will allow you to play all included audio files on the following pages. Don't worry, you more than likely have it installed on your computer already.

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