Difference between revisions of "Hangeul step 1/hr"

Revision as of 20:24, 21 April 2011

Uvod

Hyunwoo and Mikyung - Steps 2, 3
Seokjin and Kyoung-eun: Steps 4, 5, 6
http://www.talktomeinkorean.com

Dobrodošli. Za razliku od kineskog i japanskog, osnove korejskog pisma se mogu naučiti u nekoliko sati. Jedini način za točno izgovaranje korejskih riječi jest uporaba korejskog pisma, tzv. Hangeul (한글). Hrvatski i korejski ne dijele zajednički skup glasova, tako da bilo kakva romanizacija nije uspješna zamisao. Na sljedećim smo stranicama izložili plan lekcija u šest koraka i poslužili se različitim metodama kako bismo drugima pomogli da brzo i učinkovito nauče korejsko pismo. Ovo je zajednički projekt Korean Wiki Project-a i TalktomeinKorean.com. Tražili smo pojedince sa prikladnim glasovima kako bi snimili odgovarajuće glasovne primjere, a oni su se dobrovoljno javili kako bi ovaj projekt dalje napredovao. Svesrdno im zahvaljujemo na njihovom trudu i podršci.

U dogledno vrijeme ćemo napraviti i sedmi korak kako bismo olakšali učenje izgovaranja na naprednoj razini.

Zašto učiti korejsko pismo?

Nekima se čini da je sasvim dovoljno naučiti neki od sustava latinizacije korejskog pisma (poput McCune-Reischauerovog ili revidiranog romanizacijskog sustava) ne shvaćajući koliko im to otežava napredovanje u učenju korejskog jezika. Ispod su navedeni neki jednostavni razlozi zbog čega je latinizacija zapravo loša.

• Hrvatski i korejski glasovi nisu identični. Bi li imalo smisla učiti hrvatski jezik preko korejskog pisma? Posebice ako uzmemo u obzir da npr. glasovi F, V, Z i Ž ne postoje u korejskom? Dakle, ako svi glasovi hrvatskog jezika nisu prisutni u korejskom, isto tako niti hrvatski jezik ne poznaje neke od glasova koji su prisutni u korejskom jeziku. Stoga bilo koji latinični alfabet (engleski, hrvatski...) ne može točno predočiti sve korejske glasove. Ako želite naučiti hrvatski jezik, koristit ćete se hrvatskim pismom i pripadajućim glasovima. Upravo zbog toga, jednako to vrijedi i za korejski; ako se želi dobro naučiti korejski jezik, prvo se treba naučiti pismo, kao i pravilni izgovor.
• Korejska latinizacija je neprecizna i dvosmislena.
  • Ako se netko nikada prije nije susreo s korejskim jezikom, a služi se knjigom sa jednostavnim izrazima za svakodnevnu komunikaciju na korejskom, i to na latinizaciji, njegov će izgovor zasigurno biti u potpunosti kriv. Uzmimo za primjer izgovor vrlo poznate riječi 'Seoul' (korejski glavni grad). Vrlo često možemo čuti kako ga mnogi hrvatski govornici izgovaraju kao Seul, što nije ispravno. Točan izgovor je nešto poput “Soo-ul” (“o” je u ovom slučaju dugačak samoglasnik, a “u” se čuje prilično zatvorenije i kraće), ali se takav izgovor ne može intuitivno pretpostaviti iz preslovljene inačice ove riječi.
  • Postoje različiti sustavi preslovljavanja na latinicu (već spomenuti McCune-Reischauerov sustav ili revidirani romanizacijski sustav koji je, uzgred, od 2000. godine službeni sustav u Republici Koreji i služi strancima za lakše snalaženje), a vrlo često se teško može pretpostaviti koji se točno sustav koristi. Primjerice, transliterirano ime korejske umjetničke klizačice i zlatne olimpijke "Kim Yu-na" (김연아) ne slijedi tradicionalna pravila, već se koristi zapis koji je bliži engleskom izgovoru, radi točnosti. Ako bi se za pretpostavku uzelo da ovaj zapis poštuje pravila revidirane romanizacije, onda bi se izgovarao kao eng. “Yoona”, a ne “Yuna” jer se “yu” zapisuje kao ㅠ, a ne ㅕ.
  • U korejskom ne postoje glasovi poput “Woo” i “Yi” i kao takve ih je nemoguće zapisati, ipak ponekad se glas ㅜ zapisuje kao ”Woo”, a 이 postaje “Yi”.

Za dodatna obrazloženja, pogledajte: Romanization#Problems.

Kratki povijesni pregled

See full article at The Origin of Hangeul

King Sejong

A page from the Hunmin Jeong-eum Eonha

Hangeul was introduced under Sejong the Great and finished around 1444. Up until and even after that time, Chinese characters were used as the written language, limiting reading and writing to the royal and government elite. King Sejong wanted Korea to have its own script that could be easily learned by anyone -- even commoners. After its creation, Hangeul was said to be easy enough to learn that a wise man could finish it in the morning and a fool could finish it by night. For this reason there was opposition to Hangeul for a time by Korean aristocrats, believing only those of social superiority should have this special privilege.

Ever since Hangeul was first introduced, it has gone through many phases of refinement. Korean went through a large reformation during the Japanese colonization in the early 1900's, removing many of the now-archaic letters and changing several rules.

Hangeul is considered easy to learn by many people because most of the similar shaped letters have a similar sound as well, making it easy to see the relationship and making it easy to memorize.

Basics

Consonants

There are 14 basic consonants in Korean and five double consonants which are formed from the basic consonants ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ, and ㅈ respectively.

Basic consonants
Double consonants

Vowels

There are eight basic vowel sounds along with 13 other complex vowel sounds. These complex vowels are called diphthongs, which are combinations of no more than two vowels. Whereas multiple vowels are normally voiced in separate syllables, each vowel composing a diphthong is voiced together within one syllable. As you can also see just from looking, most diphthongs are combinations of two basic vowels.

All basic vowels are created by three types of strokes. The first stroke symbolizes Heaven and is a dot (•), though in modern Korean this dot is just a simple, short stroke. The next type of stroke symbolizes earth and is a horizontal line (ㅡ). The final stroke symbolizes man (ㅣ). These symbols are combined to create the Korean vowels, for example | plus • makes ㅏ.

Basic vowels
Complex vowels

Syllable Blocks

Korean words are written from left to right and words are formed by writing each syllable in a block-like shape. Each letter inside the block forms a sound. The word for 'person' is 사람, romanized as 'saram,' and consists of two syllables. The letters ㅅ + ㅏ make the syllable block of 사 ('sa'), while ㄹ + ㅏ + ㅁ make the next syllable 람 ('ram'). The picture below will show you a sound approximation of each of the Korean sounds contained in the word. Also note that written Korean doesn't actually draw boxes around the syllables, this is just for illustrative purposes.

Korean syllables are organized into blocks of letters that have a beginning consonant, a middle vowel, and an optional final consonant. A syllable block is composed of a minimum of two letters, consisting of at least one consonant and one vowel. In our lesson plan, Steps 2, 3 and 4 will focus on just words with a consonant and one horizontal vowel, and words with a consonant and one vertical vowel (see below). Step 5 will introduce the final consonant concept and step 6 will show syllables that can consist of double vowels.

Also note if you want to write only a vowel, it must be written with the consonant ㅇ, which acts as a silent placeholder for the consonant position. Why? Think of the ying and the yang concept. If one wants to write the vowel ㅏ, they would have to write it as 아 with ㅇ being a silent placeholder for the consonant position. An easy way to remember this is to think of the ㅇ as a zero. More examples below:

Writing

As already mentioned, Korean words are written from left-to-right and top-to-bottom in block-like forms. In the next few sections you will learn how to write each letter and its appropriate stroke order. While stroke order may not seem important at first, it is important when writing Korean naturally and helps others to be able to read your handwriting. The shapes and size of the letters can be stretched or compressed to fill in the block space and to make it evenly sized with other all other syllables. In the example below, you can see how the size and shape of the letter ㄱ changes to fill in this imaginary block (highlighted in sky blue).

Now we are going to start learning some letters, which are called jamo. Please note that, in order to view these lessons in their entirety, you must have Adobe Flash Player installed. This will allow you to play all included audio files on the following pages. Don't worry, you more than likely have it installed on your computer already.