TTMIK nível 2 lição 17 (Brasil)

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After studying with the previous lessons, you can now form various sentence structures in Korean. Now it’s time to look at how to say that you “can” or “can’t” do something. The sentence structure you can use to say that you “can” do something is: -(으)ㄹ 수 있다 [-(eu)l su it-da] Example: 보다 = to see --> 보 + -ㄹ 수 있다 = 볼 수 있다 [bol su it-da] = can see 먹다 = to eat --> 먹 + -을 수 있다 = 먹을 수 있다 [meo-geul su it-da] = can eat

    • Verb stems ending in a vowel is followed by -ㄹ 수 있다 and verb stems ending with a consonant

is followed by -을 수 있다. The difference is whether you have the extra 으 or not in front of -ㄹ 수 있다, for the ease of pronunciation. In -(으)ㄹ 수 있다, the word 수 [su] literally means an ‘idea’ or a ‘way’ for solving a problem or for getting something done, so -(으)ㄹ 수 있다 literally menas “to have a way or an idea for doing” something. Therefore, when you do NOT have “a way or an idea” for doing something, it means you can NOT do it, and in Korean it becomes -(으)ㄹ 수 없다, using 없다, the opposite word of 있다. Example: 자다 = to sleep --> 자 + -ㄹ 수 없다 = 잘 수 없다 [jal su eop-da] = can not sleep <--> 잘 수 있다 [jal su it-da] = can sleep 잡다 = to catch --> 잡 + -을 수 없다 = 잡을 수 없다 [ja-beul su eop-da] = can not cath <--> 잡을 수 있다 [ja-beul su it-da] = can catch Another way to say -(으)ㄹ 수 없다 is using the word 못 before a verb. -(으)ㄹ 수 없다 is the basic way to express “can not” but it is not always used in spoken Korean. A more common way to say “can not” or “to be unable to” in spoken Korean is adding 못 before a verb. 갈 수 없다 = 못 가다 [verb: 가다] = can not go 볼 수 없다 = 못 보다 [verb: 보다] = can not see 먹을 수 없다 = 못 먹다 [verb: 먹다] = can not eat 할 수 없다 = 못 하다 [verb: 하다] = can not do Sample sentences 운전 할 수 있어요? [un-jeon hal su i-sseo-yo?] = Can you drive? (lit. “Can you do driving?”) 일본어 할 수 있어요? [il-bo-neo hal su i-sseo-yo?] = Can you speak Japanese? (lit. “Can you do Japanese?”) 이거 읽을 수 있어요? [i-geo il-geul su i-sseo-yo?] = Can you read this? 못 읽어요. [mot il-geo-yo.] = I can’t read it. 지 금 못 만나요. [ji-geum mot man-na-yo.] = I can’t meet you now.

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