TTMIK nível 2 lição 20 (Brasil)
Nesta lição, nósIn this lesson, we are going to take a look at how to say that you “have to” or “should” do something in Korean. The construction itself is quite simple to understand. You take the verb stem of a verb and add the part (a verb ending) that makes the sentences take the meaning of “have to” or “should”. to have to, should, must = verb stem + -아/어/여 + -야 되다/하다 Examples: 자다 [ja-da] = to sleep 자 + -아/어/여 + -야 되다/하다 --> 자 + “-아” + -야 되다/하다 (You choose “-아” because 자 ends with the vowel “ㅏ”) --> 자야 되다/하다 (You then drop the -아 because it’s the same same as “ㅏ”) --> 자야 되다 and 자야 하다 are the same thing. 쓰다 [sseu-da] = to use, to write 쓰 + -아/어/여 + -야 되다/하다 --> 쓰 + “-어” + -야 되다/하다 (You choose “-어” because 쓰 doesn’t end in “ㅏ” or “ㅗ”) --> 써야 되다/하다 (쓰 + 어 together change to ‘써’) --> 써야 되다 and 써야 하다 mean the same thing. So the construction is basically: 1. verb stems ending in vowels ‘ㅏ’ or ‘ ㅗ’ + -아야 되다/하다 2. verb stems ending in other vowels + -어야 되다/하다 3. 하 + -여야 되다/하다 one of the three above. But it is more important to understand WHY -아/어/여야 되다/하다 means “to have to” or “should”. In order to understand this, we can look at the structure in two separate parts. 1. -아/어/여 + -야 This part means “only when _____ is done” or “only when you do _____”. 2. 되다 or 하다 되다 means “to be done” or “to be possible” and 하다 means “to do” something. So if you put 1 and 2 together, it takes the meaning of “only when you do _____, it works” or “only if _____ is done, it’s okay.” Therefore -아/어/여야 되다/하다 takes the meaning of “to have to” or “should.” What is the difference between 하다 and 되다 here? - The only difference is that using 되다 is more common in colloquial situations. Sample sentences 1. 집에 가야 돼요. [ji-be ga-ya dwae-yo.] = I have to go home. 2. 저는 뭐 해야 돼요? [jeo-neun mwo hae-ya dwae-yo?] = What should I do? 3. 언제까지 여기에 있어야 돼요? [eon-je-kka-ji yeo-gi-e i-sseo-ya dwae-yo?] = Until when should I be here? 4. 누구한테 줘야 돼요? [nu-gu-han-te jwo-ya dwae-yo?] = Who should I give this to? 5. 어디에서 사야 돼요? [eo-di-e-seo sa-ya dwae-yo?] = Where should I buy it?
