Archaic and obsolete letters - Revision history

Galinaros at 04:28, 3 July 2010

2010-07-03T04:28:21Z

Mstrum at 16:09, 8 August 2009

2009-08-08T16:09:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:09, 8 August 2009
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	=Archaic and obsolete characters=		=Archaic and obsolete characters=
	Several ''jamo'' are obsolete. These include several that represent Korean sounds that have since disappeared from the standard language, as well as a larger number used to represent the sounds of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s. The most frequently encountered of these archaic letters are:		Several ''jamo'' are obsolete. These include several that represent Korean sounds that have since disappeared from the standard language, as well as a larger number used to represent the sounds of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s. The most frequently encountered of these archaic letters are:
	* [[wikt:ㆍ\|ㆍ]] (transcribed ''{{Unicode\|ə}}'' (''arae-a'' 아래아 "lower ''a"''): Presumably /ʌ/, similar to modern ''eo''. It is written as a dot, positioned beneath (Korean for "beneath" is ''arae'') the consonant. The ''arae-a'' is not entirely obsolete, as it can been found in various brand names and is often used in [[제주 dialect\|spelling the dialect of Jeju Island]], Korea's southernmost province, where it is /ɒ/. Even so, it was not transcribed in the official Revised Romanization and thus modern renderings of the Jeju dialect transcribe it the same way as ㅗ, that is, ''o''. Korean words that were written with ㆍ long ago are now usually written with ㅏ.		* [[wikt:ㆍ\|ㆍ]] (transcribed ''{{Unicode\|ə}}'' (''arae-a'' 아래아 "lower ''a"''): Presumably /ʌ/, similar to modern ''eo''. It is written as a dot, positioned beneath (Korean for "beneath" is ''arae'') the consonant. The ''arae-a'' is not entirely obsolete, as it can been found in various brand names and is often used in [[제주 dialect\|spelling the dialect of Jeju Island]], Korea's southernmost province, where it is /ɒ/. Even so, it was not transcribed in the official Revised Romanization and thus modern renderings of the Jeju dialect transcribe it the same way as ㅗ, that is, ''o''. Korean words that were written with ㆍ long ago are now usually written with ㅏ. The description of this character originally was 思(不用初聲) [사].
	** The ''ə'' formed a medial of its own, or was found in the diphthong ㆎ ''arae-ae'', written with the dot under the consonant and ㅣ (transcribed ''i'') to its right — in the same fashion as ㅚ or ㅢ.		** The ''ə'' formed a medial of its own, or was found in the diphthong ㆎ ''arae-ae'', written with the dot under the consonant and ㅣ (transcribed ''i'') to its right — in the same fashion as ㅚ or ㅢ.
	* [[wikt:ㅿ\|ㅿ]] ''z'' (''bansiot'' 반시옷): A rather unusual sound, perhaps IPA {{IPA\|[ʝ͂]}} (a [[wikipedia:nasalized\|nasalized]] [[wikipedia:Voiced palatal fricative\|palatal fricative]]). Modern Korean words previously spelled with ㅿ substitute ㅅ.		* [[wikt:ㅿ\|ㅿ]] ''z'' (''bansiot'' 반시옷): A rather unusual sound, perhaps IPA {{IPA\|[ʝ͂]}} (a [[wikipedia:nasalized\|nasalized]] [[wikipedia:Voiced palatal fricative\|palatal fricative]]). Modern Korean words previously spelled with ㅿ substitute ㅅ. The description of this character originally was 而 [이].
	* [[wikt:ㆆ\|ㆆ]] ''{{Unicode\|ʔ}}'' (''yeorinhieut'' 여린히읗 "light hieut" or ''doenieung'' 된 이응 "strong ieung"): A [[wikipedia:glottal stop\|glottal stop]], "lighter than ㅎ and harsher than ㅇ".		* [[wikt:ㆆ\|ㆆ]] ''{{Unicode\|ʔ}}'' (''yeorinhieut'' 여린히읗 "light hieut" or ''doenieung'' 된 이응 "strong ieung"): A [[wikipedia:glottal stop\|glottal stop]], "lighter than ㅎ and harsher than ㅇ".
	* [[wikt:ㆁ\|ㆁ]] ''ŋ'' (''yesieung'' 옛이응): The original ''jamo'' for {{IPA\|[ŋ]}}; now conflated with ㅇ ''ieung''. (With some computer fonts such as Arial Unicode MS, ''yesieung'' is shown as a flattened version of ''ieung,'' but the correct form is with a long peak, longer than what you would see on a serif version of ''ieung.)''		* [[wikt:ㆁ\|ㆁ]] ''ŋ'' (''yesieung'' 옛이응): The original ''jamo'' for {{IPA\|[ŋ]}}; now conflated with ㅇ ''ieung''. (With some computer fonts such as Arial Unicode MS, ''yesieung'' is shown as a flattened version of ''ieung,'' but the correct form is with a long peak, longer than what you would see on a serif version of ''ieung.)'' The description of this character originally was 異凝 [이응].
	* [[wikt:ㅸ\|ㅸ]] ''β'' (''gabyeounbieup'' 가벼운비읍): IPA {{IPA\|[f]}}. This letter appears to be a digraph of ''bieup'' and ''ieung,'' but it may be more complicated than that. There were three other less common ''jamo'' for sounds in this section of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s, ㅱ ''w'' ({{IPA\|[w]}} or {{IPA\|[m]}}), a theoretical ㆄ ''f,'' and ㅹ ''ff'' {{IPA\|[v̤]}}; the bottom element appears to be only coincidentally similar to ''ieung.''		* [[wikt:ㅸ\|ㅸ]] ''β'' (''gabyeounbieup'' 가벼운비읍): IPA {{IPA\|[f]}}. This letter appears to be a digraph of ''bieup'' and ''ieung,'' but it may be more complicated than that. There were three other less common ''jamo'' for sounds in this section of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s, ㅱ ''w'' ({{IPA\|[w]}} or {{IPA\|[m]}}), a theoretical ㆄ ''f,'' and ㅹ ''ff'' {{IPA\|[v̤]}}; the bottom element appears to be only coincidentally similar to ''ieung.''

Mstrum: moved Archaic and obsolete characters to Archaic and obsolete letters: better title

2009-07-31T20:26:49Z

moved Archaic and obsolete characters to Archaic and obsolete letters: better title

← Older revision	Revision as of 20:26, 31 July 2009
(No difference)

Mstrum at 19:24, 31 July 2009

2009-07-31T19:24:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:24, 31 July 2009
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	{{HangeulTop}}		{{HangeulTop}}
	=Archaic and obsolete characters=		=Archaic and obsolete characters=
	~~==Common==~~
	Several ''jamo'' are obsolete. These include several that represent Korean sounds that have since disappeared from the standard language, as well as a larger number used to represent the sounds of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s. The most frequently encountered of these archaic letters are:		Several ''jamo'' are obsolete. These include several that represent Korean sounds that have since disappeared from the standard language, as well as a larger number used to represent the sounds of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s. The most frequently encountered of these archaic letters are:
	* [[wikt:ㆍ\|ㆍ]] (transcribed ''{{Unicode\|ə}}'' (''arae-a'' 아래아 "lower ''a"''): Presumably /ʌ/, similar to modern ''eo''. It is written as a dot, positioned beneath (Korean for "beneath" is ''arae'') the consonant. The ''arae-a'' is not entirely obsolete, as it can been found in various brand names and is often used in [[제주 dialect\|spelling the dialect of Jeju Island]], Korea's southernmost province, where it is /ɒ/. Even so, it was not transcribed in the official Revised Romanization and thus modern renderings of the Jeju dialect transcribe it the same way as ㅗ, that is, ''o''. Korean words that were written with ㆍ long ago are now usually written with ㅏ.		* [[wikt:ㆍ\|ㆍ]] (transcribed ''{{Unicode\|ə}}'' (''arae-a'' 아래아 "lower ''a"''): Presumably /ʌ/, similar to modern ''eo''. It is written as a dot, positioned beneath (Korean for "beneath" is ''arae'') the consonant. The ''arae-a'' is not entirely obsolete, as it can been found in various brand names and is often used in [[제주 dialect\|spelling the dialect of Jeju Island]], Korea's southernmost province, where it is /ɒ/. Even so, it was not transcribed in the official Revised Romanization and thus modern renderings of the Jeju dialect transcribe it the same way as ㅗ, that is, ''o''. Korean words that were written with ㆍ long ago are now usually written with ㅏ.

Mstrum at 19:24, 31 July 2009

2009-07-31T19:24:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:24, 31 July 2009
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	__NOTITLE__		__NOTITLE__
	{{HangeulTop}}		{{HangeulTop}}
	==Archaic and obsolete characters==		=Archaic and obsolete characters=
			==Common==
	Several ''jamo'' are obsolete. These include several that represent Korean sounds that have since disappeared from the standard language, as well as a larger number used to represent the sounds of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s. The most frequently encountered of these archaic letters are:		Several ''jamo'' are obsolete. These include several that represent Korean sounds that have since disappeared from the standard language, as well as a larger number used to represent the sounds of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s. The most frequently encountered of these archaic letters are:
	* [[wikt:ㆍ\|ㆍ]] (transcribed ''{{Unicode\|ə}}'' (''arae-a'' 아래아 "lower ''a"''): Presumably /ʌ/, similar to modern ''eo''. It is written as a dot, positioned beneath (Korean for "beneath" is ''arae'') the consonant. The ''arae-a'' is not entirely obsolete, as it can been found in various brand names and is often used in [[제주 dialect\|spelling the dialect of Jeju Island]], Korea's southernmost province, where it is /ɒ/. Even so, it was not transcribed in the official Revised Romanization and thus modern renderings of the Jeju dialect transcribe it the same way as ㅗ, that is, ''o''. Korean words that were written with ㆍ long ago are now usually written with ㅏ.		* [[wikt:ㆍ\|ㆍ]] (transcribed ''{{Unicode\|ə}}'' (''arae-a'' 아래아 "lower ''a"''): Presumably /ʌ/, similar to modern ''eo''. It is written as a dot, positioned beneath (Korean for "beneath" is ''arae'') the consonant. The ''arae-a'' is not entirely obsolete, as it can been found in various brand names and is often used in [[제주 dialect\|spelling the dialect of Jeju Island]], Korea's southernmost province, where it is /ɒ/. Even so, it was not transcribed in the official Revised Romanization and thus modern renderings of the Jeju dialect transcribe it the same way as ㅗ, that is, ''o''. Korean words that were written with ㆍ long ago are now usually written with ㅏ.

Mstrum at 19:23, 31 July 2009

2009-07-31T19:23:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:23, 31 July 2009
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			__NOTITLE__
			{{HangeulTop}}
			==Archaic and obsolete characters==
	Several ''jamo'' are obsolete. These include several that represent Korean sounds that have since disappeared from the standard language, as well as a larger number used to represent the sounds of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s. The most frequently encountered of these archaic letters are:		Several ''jamo'' are obsolete. These include several that represent Korean sounds that have since disappeared from the standard language, as well as a larger number used to represent the sounds of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s. The most frequently encountered of these archaic letters are:
	* [[wikt:ㆍ\|ㆍ]] (transcribed ''{{Unicode\|ə}}'' (''arae-a'' 아래아 "lower ''a"''): Presumably /ʌ/, similar to modern ''eo''. It is written as a dot, positioned beneath (Korean for "beneath" is ''arae'') the consonant. The ''arae-a'' is not entirely obsolete, as it can been found in various brand names and is often used in [[제주 dialect\|spelling the dialect of Jeju Island]], Korea's southernmost province, where it is /ɒ/. Even so, it was not transcribed in the official Revised Romanization and thus modern renderings of the Jeju dialect transcribe it the same way as ㅗ, that is, ''o''. Korean words that were written with ㆍ long ago are now usually written with ㅏ.		* [[wikt:ㆍ\|ㆍ]] (transcribed ''{{Unicode\|ə}}'' (''arae-a'' 아래아 "lower ''a"''): Presumably /ʌ/, similar to modern ''eo''. It is written as a dot, positioned beneath (Korean for "beneath" is ''arae'') the consonant. The ''arae-a'' is not entirely obsolete, as it can been found in various brand names and is often used in [[제주 dialect\|spelling the dialect of Jeju Island]], Korea's southernmost province, where it is /ɒ/. Even so, it was not transcribed in the official Revised Romanization and thus modern renderings of the Jeju dialect transcribe it the same way as ㅗ, that is, ''o''. Korean words that were written with ㆍ long ago are now usually written with ㅏ.

Mstrum at 17:02, 31 July 2009

2009-07-31T17:02:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:02, 31 July 2009
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	* obsolete iotized vowel letters (semi consonant-semi vowel): ᆜ, ᆝ, ᆢ		* obsolete iotized vowel letters (semi consonant-semi vowel): ᆜ, ᆝ, ᆢ
	* obsolete diphthongs: ᅶ, ᅷ, ᅸ, ᅹ, ᅺ, ᅻ, ᅼ, ᅽ, ᅾ, ᅿ, ᆀ, ᆁ, ᆂ, ᆃ, ㆇ, ㆈ, ᆆ, ᆇ, ㆉ, ᆉ, ᆊ, ᆋ, ᆌ, ᆍ, ᆎ, ᆏ, ᆐ, ㆊ, ㆋ, ᆓ, ㆌ, ᆕ, ᆖ, ᆗ, ᆘ, ᆙ, ᆚ, ᆛ, ᆟ, ᆠ, ㆎ		* obsolete diphthongs: ᅶ, ᅷ, ᅸ, ᅹ, ᅺ, ᅻ, ᅼ, ᅽ, ᅾ, ᅿ, ᆀ, ᆁ, ᆂ, ᆃ, ㆇ, ㆈ, ᆆ, ᆇ, ㆉ, ᆉ, ᆊ, ᆋ, ᆌ, ᆍ, ᆎ, ᆏ, ᆐ, ㆊ, ㆋ, ᆓ, ㆌ, ᆕ, ᆖ, ᆗ, ᆘ, ᆙ, ᆚ, ᆛ, ᆟ, ᆠ, ㆎ

			[[Category:Letters]]

Mstrum at 17:01, 31 July 2009

2009-07-31T17:01:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:01, 31 July 2009
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	~~===Obsolete ''jamo''===~~		Several ''jamo'' are obsolete. These include several that represent Korean sounds that have since disappeared from the standard language, as well as a larger number used to represent the sounds of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s. The most frequently encountered of these archaic letters are:
	~~[[Image:Hankidoemhanja.png\|thumb\|A brand name, ''Hankido,'' using the obsolete vowel ''arae-a'' (top)]]~~		* [[wikt:ㆍ\|ㆍ]] (transcribed ''{{Unicode\|ə}}'' (''arae-a'' 아래아 "lower ''a"''): Presumably /ʌ/, similar to modern ''eo''. It is written as a dot, positioned beneath (Korean for "beneath" is ''arae'') the consonant. The ''arae-a'' is not entirely obsolete, as it can been found in various brand names and is often used in [[제주 dialect\|spelling the dialect of Jeju Island]], Korea's southernmost province, where it is /ɒ/. Even so, it was not transcribed in the official Revised Romanization and thus modern renderings of the Jeju dialect transcribe it the same way as ㅗ, that is, ''o''. Korean words that were written with ㆍ long ago are now usually written with ㅏ.
	Several ''jamo'' are obsolete. These include several that represent Korean sounds that have since disappeared from the standard language, as well as a larger number used to represent the sounds of the Chinese [[rime table]]s. The most frequently encountered of these archaic letters are:
	* [[wikt:ㆍ\|ㆍ]] (transcribed ''{{Unicode\|ə}}'' (''arae-a'' 아래아 "lower ''a"''): Presumably ~~{{pronounced\|~~ʌ}}, similar to modern ''eo''. It is written as a dot, positioned beneath (Korean for "beneath" is ''arae'') the consonant. The ''arae-a'' is not entirely obsolete, as it can been found in various brand names and is often used in [[~~Jeju~~ dialect\|spelling the dialect of Jeju Island]], Korea's southernmost province, where it is ~~{{pronounced\|~~ɒ}}. Even so, it was not transcribed in the official [[Revised Romanization ~~of Korean\|Korean Romanization]]~~ and thus modern renderings of the Jeju dialect transcribe it the same way as ㅗ, that is, ''o''. Korean words that were written with ㆍ long ago are now usually written with ㅏ ~~{{pronounced\|a}}~~.
	** The ''ə'' formed a medial of its own, or was found in the diphthong ㆎ ''arae-ae'', written with the dot under the consonant and ㅣ (transcribed ''i'') to its right — in the same fashion as ㅚ or ㅢ.		** The ''ə'' formed a medial of its own, or was found in the diphthong ㆎ ''arae-ae'', written with the dot under the consonant and ㅣ (transcribed ''i'') to its right — in the same fashion as ㅚ or ㅢ.
	* [[wikt:ㅿ\|ㅿ]] ''z'' (''bansiot'' 반시옷): A rather unusual sound, perhaps IPA {{IPA\|[ʝ͂]}} (a [[nasalized]] [[Voiced palatal fricative\|palatal fricative]]). Modern Korean words previously spelled with ㅿ substitute ㅅ.		* [[wikt:ㅿ\|ㅿ]] ''z'' (''bansiot'' 반시옷): A rather unusual sound, perhaps IPA {{IPA\|[ʝ͂]}} (a [[wikipedia:nasalized\|nasalized]] [[wikipedia:Voiced palatal fricative\|palatal fricative]]). Modern Korean words previously spelled with ㅿ substitute ㅅ.
	* [[wikt:ㆆ\|ㆆ]] ''{{Unicode\|ʔ}}'' (''yeorinhieut'' 여린히읗 "light hieut" or ''doenieung'' 된 이응 "strong ieung"): A [[glottal stop]], "lighter than ㅎ and harsher than ㅇ".		* [[wikt:ㆆ\|ㆆ]] ''{{Unicode\|ʔ}}'' (''yeorinhieut'' 여린히읗 "light hieut" or ''doenieung'' 된 이응 "strong ieung"): A [[wikipedia:glottal stop\|glottal stop]], "lighter than ㅎ and harsher than ㅇ".
	* [[wikt:ㆁ\|ㆁ]] ''ŋ'' (''yesieung'' 옛이응): The original ''jamo'' for {{IPA\|[ŋ]}}; now conflated with ㅇ ''ieung''. (With some computer ~~[[typeface\|~~fonts]] such as [[Arial Unicode MS]], ''yesieung'' is shown as a flattened version of ''ieung,'' but the correct form is with a long peak, longer than what you would see on a [[serif]] version of ''ieung.)''		* [[wikt:ㆁ\|ㆁ]] ''ŋ'' (''yesieung'' 옛이응): The original ''jamo'' for {{IPA\|[ŋ]}}; now conflated with ㅇ ''ieung''. (With some computer fonts such as Arial Unicode MS, ''yesieung'' is shown as a flattened version of ''ieung,'' but the correct form is with a long peak, longer than what you would see on a serif version of ''ieung.)''
	* [[wikt:ㅸ\|ㅸ]] ''β'' (''gabyeounbieup'' 가벼운비읍): IPA {{IPA\|[f]}}. This letter appears to be a digraph of ''bieup'' and ''ieung,'' but it may be more complicated than that. There were three other less common ''jamo'' for sounds in this section of the Chinese [[rime table]]s, ㅱ ''w'' ({{IPA\|[w]}} or {{IPA\|[m]}}), a theoretical ㆄ ''f,'' and ㅹ ''ff'' {{IPA\|[v̤]}}; the bottom element appears to be only coincidentally similar to ''ieung.''		* [[wikt:ㅸ\|ㅸ]] ''β'' (''gabyeounbieup'' 가벼운비읍): IPA {{IPA\|[f]}}. This letter appears to be a digraph of ''bieup'' and ''ieung,'' but it may be more complicated than that. There were three other less common ''jamo'' for sounds in this section of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s, ㅱ ''w'' ({{IPA\|[w]}} or {{IPA\|[m]}}), a theoretical ㆄ ''f,'' and ㅹ ''ff'' {{IPA\|[v̤]}}; the bottom element appears to be only coincidentally similar to ''ieung.''

	There were two other now-obsolete double ''jamo'',		There were two other now-obsolete double ''jamo'',
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	* [[wikt:ᅇ\|ᅇ]] (''ssang-ieung'' 쌍이응 "double ''ieung"):'' Another ''jamo'' used in the Chinese rime table.		* [[wikt:ᅇ\|ᅇ]] (''ssang-ieung'' 쌍이응 "double ''ieung"):'' Another ''jamo'' used in the Chinese rime table.

	In the original Hangul system, double ''jamo'' were used to represent Chinese [[Voice (phonetics)\|voiced]] (濁音) consonants, which survive in the [[Shanghainese (dialect)\|Shanghainese]] [[slack voice\|slack]] consonants, and were not used for Korean words. It was only later that a similar convention was used to represent the modern "tense" ([[Faucalized voice\|faucalized]]) consonants of Korean.		In the original Hangul system, double ''jamo'' were used to represent Chinese [[wikipedia:Voice (phonetics)\|voiced]] (濁音) consonants, which survive in the [[wikipedia:Shanghainese (dialect)\|Shanghainese]] [[wikipedia:slack voice\|slack]] consonants, and were not used for Korean words. It was only later that a similar convention was used to represent the modern "tense" ([[wikipedia:Faucalized voice\|faucalized]]) consonants of Korean.

	The sibilant ("dental") consonants were modified to represent the two series of Chinese sibilants, [[alveolar consonant\|alveolar]] and [[Retroflex consonant\|retroflex]], a "round" vs. "sharp" distinction which was never made in Korean, and which was even being lost from southern Chinese. The alveolar ''jamo'' had longer left stems, while retroflexes had longer right stems:		The sibilant ("dental") consonants were modified to represent the two series of Chinese sibilants, [[wikipedia:alveolar consonant\|alveolar]] and [[wikipedia:Retroflex consonant\|retroflex]], a "round" vs. "sharp" distinction which was never made in Korean, and which was even being lost from southern Chinese. The alveolar ''jamo'' had longer left stems, while retroflexes had longer right stems:

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|}		\|}

	There were also [[consonant ~~cluster]]s~~ that have since dropped out of the language, such as the initials ㅴ ''bsg'' and ㅵ ''bsd,'' as well as ~~[[diphthong]]s~~ that were used to represent Chinese medials, such as ㆇ, ㆈ, ㆊ, ㆋ.		There were also consonant clusters that have since dropped out of the language, such as the initials ㅴ ''bsg'' and ㅵ ''bsd,'' as well as diphthongs that were used to represent Chinese medials, such as ㆇ, ㆈ, ㆊ, ㆋ.

	Some of the Korean sounds represented by these obsolete jamo still exist in some dialects.		Some of the Korean sounds represented by these obsolete jamo still exist in some dialects.

	* obsolete simple consonant letters: ᄛ, ㅱ~~, ㅸ, ᄼ, ᄾ, ㅿ ([[wikipedia:alveolar\|alveolar]]), ㆁ ([[wikipedia:Velar consonant\|velar]]), ᅎ, ᅐ, ᅔ, ᅕ~~, ㆄ~~, ㆆ~~		==More==
	* obsolete double letters (glottalized): ㅥ, ᄙ, ㅹ~~, ᄽ, ᄿ, ᅇ~~, ᇮ<!-- ssangyesieung -->~~, ᅏ, ᅑ, ㆅ~~		* obsolete simple consonant letters: ᄛ, ㅱ, ㆄ
			* obsolete double letters (glottalized): ㅥ, ᄙ, ㅹ, ᇮ<!-- ssangyesieung -->
	* obsolete consonant clusters: ᇃ, ᄓ, ㅦ, ᄖ, ㅧ, ㅨ, ᇉ, ᄗ, ᇋ, ᄘ, ㅪ, ㅬ, ᇘ, ㅭ, ᇚ, ᇛ, ㅮ, ㅯ, ㅰ, ᇠ, ᇡ, ㅲ, ᄟ, ㅳ, ᇣ, ㅶ, ᄨ, ㅷ, ᄪ, ᇥ, ㅺ, ㅻ, ㅼ, ᄰ, ᄱ, ㅽ, ᄵ, ㅾ, ᄷ, ᄸ, ᄹ, ᄺ, ᄻ, ᅁ, ᅂ, ᅃ, ᅄ, ᅅ, ᅆ, ᅈ, ᅉ, ᅊ, ᅋ, ᇬ<!-- yesieung-kiyeok -->, ᇭ<!-- yesieung-ssangkiyeok -->, ㆂ, ㆃ, ᇯ<!-- yesieung-khieukh -->, ᅍ, ᅒ, ᅓ, ᅖ, ᇵ, ᇶ, ᇷ, ᇸ		* obsolete consonant clusters: ᇃ, ᄓ, ㅦ, ᄖ, ㅧ, ㅨ, ᇉ, ᄗ, ᇋ, ᄘ, ㅪ, ㅬ, ᇘ, ㅭ, ᇚ, ᇛ, ㅮ, ㅯ, ㅰ, ᇠ, ᇡ, ㅲ, ᄟ, ㅳ, ᇣ, ㅶ, ᄨ, ㅷ, ᄪ, ᇥ, ㅺ, ㅻ, ㅼ, ᄰ, ᄱ, ㅽ, ᄵ, ㅾ, ᄷ, ᄸ, ᄹ, ᄺ, ᄻ, ᅁ, ᅂ, ᅃ, ᅄ, ᅅ, ᅆ, ᅈ, ᅉ, ᅊ, ᅋ, ᇬ<!-- yesieung-kiyeok -->, ᇭ<!-- yesieung-ssangkiyeok -->, ㆂ, ㆃ, ᇯ<!-- yesieung-khieukh -->, ᅍ, ᅒ, ᅓ, ᅖ, ᇵ, ᇶ, ᇷ, ᇸ
	**Triples: ᇄ, ㅩ, ᇏ, ᇑ, ᇒ, ㅫ, ᇔ, ᇕ, ᇖ, ᇞ, ㅴ, ㅵ, ᄤ, ᄥ, ᄦ, ᄳ, ᄴ		**Triples: ᇄ, ㅩ, ᇏ, ᇑ, ᇒ, ㅫ, ᇔ, ᇕ, ᇖ, ᇞ, ㅴ, ㅵ, ᄤ, ᄥ, ᄦ, ᄳ, ᄴ

	* obsolete simple vowel letters: ㆍ
	* obsolete iotized vowel letters (semi consonant-semi vowel): ᆜ, ᆝ, ᆢ		* obsolete iotized vowel letters (semi consonant-semi vowel): ᆜ, ᆝ, ᆢ
	* obsolete diphthongs: ᅶ, ᅷ, ᅸ, ᅹ, ᅺ, ᅻ, ᅼ, ᅽ, ᅾ, ᅿ, ᆀ, ᆁ, ᆂ, ᆃ, ㆇ, ㆈ, ᆆ, ᆇ, ㆉ, ᆉ, ᆊ, ᆋ, ᆌ, ᆍ, ᆎ, ᆏ, ᆐ, ㆊ, ㆋ, ᆓ, ㆌ, ᆕ, ᆖ, ᆗ, ᆘ, ᆙ, ᆚ, ᆛ, ᆟ, ᆠ, ㆎ		* obsolete diphthongs: ᅶ, ᅷ, ᅸ, ᅹ, ᅺ, ᅻ, ᅼ, ᅽ, ᅾ, ᅿ, ᆀ, ᆁ, ᆂ, ᆃ, ㆇ, ㆈ, ᆆ, ᆇ, ㆉ, ᆉ, ᆊ, ᆋ, ᆌ, ᆍ, ᆎ, ᆏ, ᆐ, ㆊ, ㆋ, ᆓ, ㆌ, ᆕ, ᆖ, ᆗ, ᆘ, ᆙ, ᆚ, ᆛ, ᆟ, ᆠ, ㆎ

Mstrum: Imported from Wikipedia, needs some major organization, just putting the info here for now

2009-07-31T15:00:35Z

Imported from Wikipedia, needs some major organization, just putting the info here for now

New page

===Obsolete ''jamo''===
[[Image:Hankidoemhanja.png|thumb|A brand name, ''Hankido,'' using the obsolete vowel ''arae-a'' (top)]]
Several ''jamo'' are obsolete. These include several that represent Korean sounds that have since disappeared from the standard language, as well as a larger number used to represent the sounds of the Chinese [[rime table]]s. The most frequently encountered of these archaic letters are:
* [[wikt:ㆍ|ㆍ]] (transcribed ''{{Unicode|ə}}'' (''arae-a'' 아래아 "lower ''a"''): Presumably {{pronounced|ʌ}}, similar to modern ''eo''. It is written as a dot, positioned beneath (Korean for "beneath" is ''arae'') the consonant. The ''arae-a'' is not entirely obsolete, as it can been found in various brand names and is often used in [[Jeju dialect|spelling the dialect of Jeju Island]], Korea's southernmost province, where it is {{pronounced|ɒ}}. Even so, it was not transcribed in the official [[Revised Romanization of Korean|Korean Romanization]] and thus modern renderings of the Jeju dialect transcribe it the same way as ㅗ, that is, ''o''. Korean words that were written with ㆍ long ago are now usually written with ㅏ {{pronounced|a}}.
** The ''ə'' formed a medial of its own, or was found in the diphthong ㆎ ''arae-ae'', written with the dot under the consonant and ㅣ (transcribed ''i'') to its right — in the same fashion as ㅚ or ㅢ.
* [[wikt:ㅿ|ㅿ]] ''z'' (''bansiot'' 반시옷): A rather unusual sound, perhaps IPA {{IPA|[ʝ͂]}} (a [[nasalized]] [[Voiced palatal fricative|palatal fricative]]). Modern Korean words previously spelled with ㅿ substitute ㅅ.
* [[wikt:ㆆ|ㆆ]] ''{{Unicode|ʔ}}'' (''yeorinhieut'' 여린히읗 "light hieut" or ''doenieung'' 된 이응 "strong ieung"): A [[glottal stop]], "lighter than ㅎ and harsher than ㅇ".
* [[wikt:ㆁ|ㆁ]] ''ŋ'' (''yesieung'' 옛이응): The original ''jamo'' for {{IPA|[ŋ]}}; now conflated with ㅇ ''ieung''. (With some computer [[typeface|fonts]] such as [[Arial Unicode MS]], ''yesieung'' is shown as a flattened version of ''ieung,'' but the correct form is with a long peak, longer than what you would see on a [[serif]] version of ''ieung.)''
* [[wikt:ㅸ|ㅸ]] ''β'' (''gabyeounbieup'' 가벼운비읍): IPA {{IPA|[f]}}. This letter appears to be a digraph of ''bieup'' and ''ieung,'' but it may be more complicated than that. There were three other less common ''jamo'' for sounds in this section of the Chinese [[rime table]]s, ㅱ ''w'' ({{IPA|[w]}} or {{IPA|[m]}}), a theoretical ㆄ ''f,'' and ㅹ ''ff'' {{IPA|[v̤]}}; the bottom element appears to be only coincidentally similar to ''ieung.''

There were two other now-obsolete double ''jamo'',
* [[wikt:ㆅ|ㆅ]] ''x'' (''ssanghieut'' 쌍히읗 "double ''hieut"):'' IPA {{IPA|[ɣ̈ʲ]}} or {{IPA|[ɣ̈]}}.
* [[wikt:ᅇ|ᅇ]] (''ssang-ieung'' 쌍이응 "double ''ieung"):'' Another ''jamo'' used in the Chinese rime table.

In the original Hangul system, double ''jamo'' were used to represent Chinese [[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]] (濁音) consonants, which survive in the [[Shanghainese (dialect)|Shanghainese]] [[slack voice|slack]] consonants, and were not used for Korean words. It was only later that a similar convention was used to represent the modern "tense" ([[Faucalized voice|faucalized]]) consonants of Korean.

The sibilant ("dental") consonants were modified to represent the two series of Chinese sibilants, [[alveolar consonant|alveolar]] and [[Retroflex consonant|retroflex]], a "round" vs. "sharp" distinction which was never made in Korean, and which was even being lost from southern Chinese. The alveolar ''jamo'' had longer left stems, while retroflexes had longer right stems:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Original consonants
| ㅅ || ㅆ || ㅈ || ㅉ || ㅊ
|-
! ''Chidueum'' (alveolar sibilant)
| ᄼ || ᄽ || ᅎ || ᅏ || ᅔ
|-
! ''Jeongchieum'' (retroflex sibilant)
| ᄾ || ᄿ || ᅐ || ᅑ || ᅕ
|}

There were also [[consonant cluster]]s that have since dropped out of the language, such as the initials ㅴ ''bsg'' and ㅵ ''bsd,'' as well as [[diphthong]]s that were used to represent Chinese medials, such as ㆇ, ㆈ, ㆊ, ㆋ.

Some of the Korean sounds represented by these obsolete jamo still exist in some dialects.

* obsolete simple consonant letters: ᄛ, ㅱ, ㅸ, ᄼ, ᄾ, ㅿ ([[wikipedia:alveolar|alveolar]]), ㆁ ([[wikipedia:Velar consonant|velar]]), ᅎ, ᅐ, ᅔ, ᅕ, ㆄ, ㆆ
* obsolete double letters (glottalized): ㅥ, ᄙ, ㅹ, ᄽ, ᄿ, ᅇ, ᇮ, ᅏ, ᅑ, ㆅ
* obsolete consonant clusters: ᇃ, ᄓ, ㅦ, ᄖ, ㅧ, ㅨ, ᇉ, ᄗ, ᇋ, ᄘ, ㅪ, ㅬ, ᇘ, ㅭ, ᇚ, ᇛ, ㅮ, ㅯ, ㅰ, ᇠ, ᇡ, ㅲ, ᄟ, ㅳ, ᇣ, ㅶ, ᄨ, ㅷ, ᄪ, ᇥ, ㅺ, ㅻ, ㅼ, ᄰ, ᄱ, ㅽ, ᄵ, ㅾ, ᄷ, ᄸ, ᄹ, ᄺ, ᄻ, ᅁ, ᅂ, ᅃ, ᅄ, ᅅ, ᅆ, ᅈ, ᅉ, ᅊ, ᅋ, ᇬ, ᇭ, ㆂ, ㆃ, ᇯ, ᅍ, ᅒ, ᅓ, ᅖ, ᇵ, ᇶ, ᇷ, ᇸ
**Triples: ᇄ, ㅩ, ᇏ, ᇑ, ᇒ, ㅫ, ᇔ, ᇕ, ᇖ, ᇞ, ㅴ, ㅵ, ᄤ, ᄥ, ᄦ, ᄳ, ᄴ

* obsolete simple vowel letters: ㆍ
* obsolete iotized vowel letters (semi consonant-semi vowel): ᆜ, ᆝ, ᆢ
* obsolete diphthongs: ᅶ, ᅷ, ᅸ, ᅹ, ᅺ, ᅻ, ᅼ, ᅽ, ᅾ, ᅿ, ᆀ, ᆁ, ᆂ, ᆃ, ㆇ, ㆈ, ᆆ, ᆇ, ㆉ, ᆉ, ᆊ, ᆋ, ᆌ, ᆍ, ᆎ, ᆏ, ᆐ, ㆊ, ㆋ, ᆓ, ㆌ, ᆕ, ᆖ, ᆗ, ᆘ, ᆙ, ᆚ, ᆛ, ᆟ, ᆠ, ㆎ

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:09, 8 August 2009
Line 3:		Line 3:
	=Archaic and obsolete characters=		=Archaic and obsolete characters=
	Several ''jamo'' are obsolete. These include several that represent Korean sounds that have since disappeared from the standard language, as well as a larger number used to represent the sounds of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s. The most frequently encountered of these archaic letters are:		Several ''jamo'' are obsolete. These include several that represent Korean sounds that have since disappeared from the standard language, as well as a larger number used to represent the sounds of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s. The most frequently encountered of these archaic letters are:
	* [[wikt:ㆍ\|ㆍ]] (transcribed ''{{Unicode\|ə}}'' (''arae-a'' 아래아 "lower ''a"''): Presumably /ʌ/, similar to modern ''eo''. It is written as a dot, positioned beneath (Korean for "beneath" is ''arae'') the consonant. The ''arae-a'' is not entirely obsolete, as it can been found in various brand names and is often used in [[제주 dialect\|spelling the dialect of Jeju Island]], Korea's southernmost province, where it is /ɒ/. Even so, it was not transcribed in the official Revised Romanization and thus modern renderings of the Jeju dialect transcribe it the same way as ㅗ, that is, ''o''. Korean words that were written with ㆍ long ago are now usually written with ㅏ.		* [[wikt:ㆍ\|ㆍ]] (transcribed ''{{Unicode\|ə}}'' (''arae-a'' 아래아 "lower ''a"''): Presumably /ʌ/, similar to modern ''eo''. It is written as a dot, positioned beneath (Korean for "beneath" is ''arae'') the consonant. The ''arae-a'' is not entirely obsolete, as it can been found in various brand names and is often used in [[제주 dialect\|spelling the dialect of Jeju Island]], Korea's southernmost province, where it is /ɒ/. Even so, it was not transcribed in the official Revised Romanization and thus modern renderings of the Jeju dialect transcribe it the same way as ㅗ, that is, ''o''. Korean words that were written with ㆍ long ago are now usually written with ㅏ. The description of this character originally was 思(不用初聲) [사].
	** The ''ə'' formed a medial of its own, or was found in the diphthong ㆎ ''arae-ae'', written with the dot under the consonant and ㅣ (transcribed ''i'') to its right — in the same fashion as ㅚ or ㅢ.		** The ''ə'' formed a medial of its own, or was found in the diphthong ㆎ ''arae-ae'', written with the dot under the consonant and ㅣ (transcribed ''i'') to its right — in the same fashion as ㅚ or ㅢ.
	* [[wikt:ㅿ\|ㅿ]] ''z'' (''bansiot'' 반시옷): A rather unusual sound, perhaps IPA {{IPA\|[ʝ͂]}} (a [[wikipedia:nasalized\|nasalized]] [[wikipedia:Voiced palatal fricative\|palatal fricative]]). Modern Korean words previously spelled with ㅿ substitute ㅅ.		* [[wikt:ㅿ\|ㅿ]] ''z'' (''bansiot'' 반시옷): A rather unusual sound, perhaps IPA {{IPA\|[ʝ͂]}} (a [[wikipedia:nasalized\|nasalized]] [[wikipedia:Voiced palatal fricative\|palatal fricative]]). Modern Korean words previously spelled with ㅿ substitute ㅅ. The description of this character originally was 而 [이].
	* [[wikt:ㆆ\|ㆆ]] ''{{Unicode\|ʔ}}'' (''yeorinhieut'' 여린히읗 "light hieut" or ''doenieung'' 된 이응 "strong ieung"): A [[wikipedia:glottal stop\|glottal stop]], "lighter than ㅎ and harsher than ㅇ".		* [[wikt:ㆆ\|ㆆ]] ''{{Unicode\|ʔ}}'' (''yeorinhieut'' 여린히읗 "light hieut" or ''doenieung'' 된 이응 "strong ieung"): A [[wikipedia:glottal stop\|glottal stop]], "lighter than ㅎ and harsher than ㅇ".
	* [[wikt:ㆁ\|ㆁ]] ''ŋ'' (''yesieung'' 옛이응): The original ''jamo'' for {{IPA\|[ŋ]}}; now conflated with ㅇ ''ieung''. (With some computer fonts such as Arial Unicode MS, ''yesieung'' is shown as a flattened version of ''ieung,'' but the correct form is with a long peak, longer than what you would see on a serif version of ''ieung.)''		* [[wikt:ㆁ\|ㆁ]] ''ŋ'' (''yesieung'' 옛이응): The original ''jamo'' for {{IPA\|[ŋ]}}; now conflated with ㅇ ''ieung''. (With some computer fonts such as Arial Unicode MS, ''yesieung'' is shown as a flattened version of ''ieung,'' but the correct form is with a long peak, longer than what you would see on a serif version of ''ieung.)'' The description of this character originally was 異凝 [이응].
	* [[wikt:ㅸ\|ㅸ]] ''β'' (''gabyeounbieup'' 가벼운비읍): IPA {{IPA\|[f]}}. This letter appears to be a digraph of ''bieup'' and ''ieung,'' but it may be more complicated than that. There were three other less common ''jamo'' for sounds in this section of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s, ㅱ ''w'' ({{IPA\|[w]}} or {{IPA\|[m]}}), a theoretical ㆄ ''f,'' and ㅹ ''ff'' {{IPA\|[v̤]}}; the bottom element appears to be only coincidentally similar to ''ieung.''		* [[wikt:ㅸ\|ㅸ]] ''β'' (''gabyeounbieup'' 가벼운비읍): IPA {{IPA\|[f]}}. This letter appears to be a digraph of ''bieup'' and ''ieung,'' but it may be more complicated than that. There were three other less common ''jamo'' for sounds in this section of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s, ㅱ ''w'' ({{IPA\|[w]}} or {{IPA\|[m]}}), a theoretical ㆄ ''f,'' and ㅹ ''ff'' {{IPA\|[v̤]}}; the bottom element appears to be only coincidentally similar to ''ieung.''

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:28, 3 July 2010
Line 2:		Line 2:
	{{HangeulTop}}		{{HangeulTop}}
	=Archaic and obsolete characters=		=Archaic and obsolete characters=
	Several ''jamo'' are obsolete. These include several that represent Korean sounds that have since disappeared from the standard language, as well as a larger number used to represent the sounds of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s. The most frequently encountered of these archaic letters are:		Several ''[[자모\|jamo]]'' are obsolete. These include several that represent Korean sounds that have since disappeared from the standard language, as well as a larger number used to represent the sounds of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s. The most frequently encountered of these archaic letters are:
	* [[wikt:ㆍ\|ㆍ]] (transcribed ''{{Unicode\|ə}}'' (''arae-a'' 아래아 "lower ''a"''): Presumably /ʌ/, similar to modern ''eo''. It is written as a dot, positioned beneath (Korean for "beneath" is ''arae'') the consonant. The ''arae-a'' is not entirely obsolete, as it can been found in various brand names and is often used in [[제주 dialect\|spelling the dialect of Jeju Island]], Korea's southernmost province, where it is /ɒ/. Even so, it was not transcribed in the official Revised Romanization and thus modern renderings of the Jeju dialect transcribe it the same way as ㅗ, that is, ''o''. Korean words that were written with ㆍ long ago are now usually written with ㅏ. The description of this character originally was 思(不用初聲) [사].		* [[wikt:ㆍ\|ㆍ]] (transcribed ''{{Unicode\|ə}}'' (''arae-a'' 아래아 "lower ''a"''): Presumably /ʌ/, similar to modern ''eo''. It is written as a dot, positioned beneath (Korean for "beneath" is ''arae'') the consonant. The ''arae-a'' is not entirely obsolete, as it can been found in various brand names and is often used in [[제주 dialect\|spelling the dialect of Jeju Island]], Korea's southernmost province, where it is /ɒ/. Even so, it was not transcribed in the official Revised Romanization and thus modern renderings of the Jeju dialect transcribe it the same way as ㅗ, that is, ''o''. Korean words that were written with ㆍ long ago are now usually written with ㅏ. The description of this character originally was 思(不用初聲) [사].
	** The ''ə'' formed a medial of its own, or was found in the diphthong ㆎ ''arae-ae'', written with the dot under the consonant and ㅣ (transcribed ''i'') to its right — in the same fashion as ㅚ or ㅢ.		** The ''ə'' formed a medial of its own, or was found in the diphthong ㆎ ''arae-ae'', written with the dot under the consonant and ㅣ (transcribed ''i'') to its right — in the same fashion as ㅚ or ㅢ.
	* [[wikt:ㅿ\|ㅿ]] ''z'' (''bansiot'' 반시옷): A rather unusual sound, perhaps IPA {{IPA\|[ʝ͂]}} (a [[wikipedia:nasalized\|nasalized]] [[wikipedia:Voiced palatal fricative\|palatal fricative]]). Modern Korean words previously spelled with ㅿ substitute ㅅ. The description of this character originally was 而 [이].		* [[wikt:ㅿ\|ㅿ]] ''z'' (''bansiot'' 반시옷): A rather unusual sound, perhaps IPA {{IPA\|[ʝ͂]}} (a [[wikipedia:nasalized\|nasalized]] [[wikipedia:Voiced palatal fricative\|palatal fricative]]). Modern Korean words previously spelled with ㅿ substitute ㅅ. The description of this character originally was 而 [이].
	* [[wikt:ㆆ\|ㆆ]] ''{{Unicode\|ʔ}}'' (''yeorinhieut'' 여린히읗 "light hieut" or ''doenieung'' 된 이응 "strong ieung"): A [[wikipedia:glottal stop\|glottal stop]], "lighter than ㅎ and harsher than ㅇ".		* [[wikt:ㆆ\|ㆆ]] ''{{Unicode\|ʔ}}'' (''yeorinhieut'' 여린히읗 "light hieut" or ''doenieung'' 된 이응 "strong ieung"): A [[wikipedia:glottal stop\|glottal stop]], "lighter than ㅎ and harsher than ㅇ".
	* [[wikt:ㆁ\|ㆁ]] ''ŋ'' (''yesieung'' 옛이응): The original ''jamo'' for {{IPA\|[ŋ]}}; now conflated with ㅇ ''ieung''. (With some computer fonts such as Arial Unicode MS, ''yesieung'' is shown as a flattened version of ''ieung,'' but the correct form is with a long peak, longer than what you would see on a serif version of ''ieung.)'' The description of this character originally was 異凝 [이응].		* [[wikt:ㆁ\|ㆁ]] ''ŋ'' (''yesieung'' 옛이응): The original ''[[자모\|jamo]]'' for {{IPA\|[ŋ]}}; now conflated with ㅇ ''ieung''. (With some computer fonts such as Arial Unicode MS, ''yesieung'' is shown as a flattened version of ''ieung,'' but the correct form is with a long peak, longer than what you would see on a serif version of ''ieung.)'' The description of this character originally was 異凝 [이응].
	* [[wikt:ㅸ\|ㅸ]] ''β'' (''gabyeounbieup'' 가벼운비읍): IPA {{IPA\|[f]}}. This letter appears to be a digraph of ''bieup'' and ''ieung,'' but it may be more complicated than that. There were three other less common ''jamo'' for sounds in this section of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s, ㅱ ''w'' ({{IPA\|[w]}} or {{IPA\|[m]}}), a theoretical ㆄ ''f,'' and ㅹ ''ff'' {{IPA\|[v̤]}}; the bottom element appears to be only coincidentally similar to ''ieung.''		* [[wikt:ㅸ\|ㅸ]] ''β'' (''gabyeounbieup'' 가벼운비읍): IPA {{IPA\|[f]}}. This letter appears to be a digraph of ''bieup'' and ''ieung,'' but it may be more complicated than that. There were three other less common ''[[자모\|jamo]]'' for sounds in this section of the Chinese [[wikipedia:rime table\|rime table]]s, ㅱ ''w'' ({{IPA\|[w]}} or {{IPA\|[m]}}), a theoretical ㆄ ''f,'' and ㅹ ''ff'' {{IPA\|[v̤]}}; the bottom element appears to be only coincidentally similar to ''ieung.''

	There were two other now-obsolete double ''jamo'',		There were two other now-obsolete double ''[[자모\|jamo]]'',
	* [[wikt:ㆅ\|ㆅ]] ''x'' (''ssanghieut'' 쌍히읗 "double ''hieut"):'' IPA {{IPA\|[ɣ̈ʲ]}} or {{IPA\|[ɣ̈]}}.		* [[wikt:ㆅ\|ㆅ]] ''x'' (''ssanghieut'' 쌍히읗 "double ''hieut"):'' IPA {{IPA\|[ɣ̈ʲ]}} or {{IPA\|[ɣ̈]}}.
	* [[wikt:ᅇ\|ᅇ]] (''ssang-ieung'' 쌍이응 "double ''ieung"):'' Another ''jamo'' used in the Chinese rime table.		* [[wikt:ᅇ\|ᅇ]] (''ssang-ieung'' 쌍이응 "double ''ieung"):'' Another ''[[자모\|jamo]]'' used in the Chinese rime table.

	In the original Hangul system, double ''jamo'' were used to represent Chinese [[wikipedia:Voice (phonetics)\|voiced]] (濁音) consonants, which survive in the [[wikipedia:Shanghainese (dialect)\|Shanghainese]] [[wikipedia:slack voice\|slack]] consonants, and were not used for Korean words. It was only later that a similar convention was used to represent the modern "tense" ([[wikipedia:Faucalized voice\|faucalized]]) consonants of Korean.		In the original Hangul system, double ''[[자모\|jamo]]'' were used to represent Chinese [[wikipedia:Voice (phonetics)\|voiced]] (濁音) consonants, which survive in the [[wikipedia:Shanghainese (dialect)\|Shanghainese]] [[wikipedia:slack voice\|slack]] consonants, and were not used for Korean words. It was only later that a similar convention was used to represent the modern "tense" ([[wikipedia:Faucalized voice\|faucalized]]) consonants of Korean.

	The sibilant ("dental") consonants were modified to represent the two series of Chinese sibilants, [[wikipedia:alveolar consonant\|alveolar]] and [[wikipedia:Retroflex consonant\|retroflex]], a "round" vs. "sharp" distinction which was never made in Korean, and which was even being lost from southern Chinese. The alveolar ''jamo'' had longer left stems, while retroflexes had longer right stems:		The sibilant ("dental") consonants were modified to represent the two series of Chinese sibilants, [[wikipedia:alveolar consonant\|alveolar]] and [[wikipedia:Retroflex consonant\|retroflex]], a "round" vs. "sharp" distinction which was never made in Korean, and which was even being lost from southern Chinese. The alveolar ''[[자모\|jamo]]'' had longer left stems, while retroflexes had longer right stems:

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
Line 32:		Line 32:
	There were also consonant clusters that have since dropped out of the language, such as the initials ㅴ ''bsg'' and ㅵ ''bsd,'' as well as diphthongs that were used to represent Chinese medials, such as ㆇ, ㆈ, ㆊ, ㆋ.		There were also consonant clusters that have since dropped out of the language, such as the initials ㅴ ''bsg'' and ㅵ ''bsd,'' as well as diphthongs that were used to represent Chinese medials, such as ㆇ, ㆈ, ㆊ, ㆋ.

	Some of the Korean sounds represented by these obsolete jamo still exist in some dialects.		Some of the Korean sounds represented by these obsolete [[자모\|jamo]] still exist in some dialects.

	==More==		==More==
	* ~~obsolete~~ simple consonant letters: ᄛ, ㅱ, ㆄ		* Obsolete simple consonant letters: ᄛ, ㅱ, ㆄ
	* ~~obsolete~~ double letters (glottalized): ㅥ, ᄙ, ㅹ, ᇮ<!-- ssangyesieung -->		* Obsolete double letters (glottalized): ㅥ, ᄙ, ㅹ, ᇮ<!-- ssangyesieung -->
	* ~~obsolete~~ consonant clusters: ᇃ, ᄓ, ㅦ, ᄖ, ㅧ, ㅨ, ᇉ, ᄗ, ᇋ, ᄘ, ㅪ, ㅬ, ᇘ, ㅭ, ᇚ, ᇛ, ㅮ, ㅯ, ㅰ, ᇠ, ᇡ, ㅲ, ᄟ, ㅳ, ᇣ, ㅶ, ᄨ, ㅷ, ᄪ, ᇥ, ㅺ, ㅻ, ㅼ, ᄰ, ᄱ, ㅽ, ᄵ, ㅾ, ᄷ, ᄸ, ᄹ, ᄺ, ᄻ, ᅁ, ᅂ, ᅃ, ᅄ, ᅅ, ᅆ, ᅈ, ᅉ, ᅊ, ᅋ, ᇬ<!-- yesieung-kiyeok -->, ᇭ<!-- yesieung-ssangkiyeok -->, ㆂ, ㆃ, ᇯ<!-- yesieung-khieukh -->, ᅍ, ᅒ, ᅓ, ᅖ, ᇵ, ᇶ, ᇷ, ᇸ		* Obsolete consonant clusters: ᇃ, ᄓ, ㅦ, ᄖ, ㅧ, ㅨ, ᇉ, ᄗ, ᇋ, ᄘ, ㅪ, ㅬ, ᇘ, ㅭ, ᇚ, ᇛ, ㅮ, ㅯ, ㅰ, ᇠ, ᇡ, ㅲ, ᄟ, ㅳ, ᇣ, ㅶ, ᄨ, ㅷ, ᄪ, ᇥ, ㅺ, ㅻ, ㅼ, ᄰ, ᄱ, ㅽ, ᄵ, ㅾ, ᄷ, ᄸ, ᄹ, ᄺ, ᄻ, ᅁ, ᅂ, ᅃ, ᅄ, ᅅ, ᅆ, ᅈ, ᅉ, ᅊ, ᅋ, ᇬ<!-- yesieung-kiyeok -->, ᇭ<!-- yesieung-ssangkiyeok -->, ㆂ, ㆃ, ᇯ<!-- yesieung-khieukh -->, ᅍ, ᅒ, ᅓ, ᅖ, ᇵ, ᇶ, ᇷ, ᇸ
	**Triples: ᇄ, ㅩ, ᇏ, ᇑ, ᇒ, ㅫ, ᇔ, ᇕ, ᇖ, ᇞ, ㅴ, ㅵ, ᄤ, ᄥ, ᄦ, ᄳ, ᄴ		**Triples: ᇄ, ㅩ, ᇏ, ᇑ, ᇒ, ㅫ, ᇔ, ᇕ, ᇖ, ᇞ, ㅴ, ㅵ, ᄤ, ᄥ, ᄦ, ᄳ, ᄴ
	* ~~obsolete~~ iotized vowel letters (semi consonant-semi vowel): ᆜ, ᆝ, ᆢ		* Obsolete iotized vowel letters (semi consonant-semi vowel): ᆜ, ᆝ, ᆢ
	* ~~obsolete~~ diphthongs: ᅶ, ᅷ, ᅸ, ᅹ, ᅺ, ᅻ, ᅼ, ᅽ, ᅾ, ᅿ, ᆀ, ᆁ, ᆂ, ᆃ, ㆇ, ㆈ, ᆆ, ᆇ, ㆉ, ᆉ, ᆊ, ᆋ, ᆌ, ᆍ, ᆎ, ᆏ, ᆐ, ㆊ, ㆋ, ᆓ, ㆌ, ᆕ, ᆖ, ᆗ, ᆘ, ᆙ, ᆚ, ᆛ, ᆟ, ᆠ, ㆎ		* Obsolete diphthongs: ᅶ, ᅷ, ᅸ, ᅹ, ᅺ, ᅻ, ᅼ, ᅽ, ᅾ, ᅿ, ᆀ, ᆁ, ᆂ, ᆃ, ㆇ, ㆈ, ᆆ, ᆇ, ㆉ, ᆉ, ᆊ, ᆋ, ᆌ, ᆍ, ᆎ, ᆏ, ᆐ, ㆊ, ㆋ, ᆓ, ㆌ, ᆕ, ᆖ, ᆗ, ᆘ, ᆙ, ᆚ, ᆛ, ᆟ, ᆠ, ㆎ

	[[Category:Letters]]		[[Category:Letters]]