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http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/Colors
Colors
2011-06-09T01:11:20Z
<p>Neil: </p>
<hr />
<div>Use of color words is more complex in Korean than in English. See below for more details and examples.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Color !! Example !! Color Words !! Native Korean Adjectives !! Sino-Korean Roots (Chinese)<br />
|-<br />
| Red<br />
| style="background:#FF0000" |<br />
| 빨간색, 빨강, 적색, 홍색<br />
| 빨갛다<br />
| 적 <赤>, 홍 <紅><br />
|-<br />
| Vermillion<br />
| style="background:#E34234" |<br />
| 주색<br />
|<br />
| 주 <[[硃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Maroon<br />
| style="background:#8B0000"|<br />
| 적갈색<br />
|<br />
| 적갈 <[[赤]][[褐]]><br />
|-<br />
| Dark Pink<br />
| style="background:#FF33CC" |<br />
| 진분홍색, 꽃분홍색<br />
|<br />
| 분홍<br />
|-<br />
| Pink<br />
| style="background:#FF99FF" |<br />
| 분홍색, 핑크색<br />
|<br />
| 분홍<br />
|-<br />
| Light Pink<br />
| style="background:#FFCCFF" |<br />
| 연분홍색<br />
|<br />
| 분홍<br />
|-<br />
| Orange<br />
| style="background:#FF6633" |<br />
| 주황색<br />
|<br />
| 주황 <[[硃]][[黃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Orange<br />
| style="background:#FF9900" |<br />
| 오렌지색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Flesh / Apricot<br />
| style="background:#FFE4B5" |<br />
| 살색, 살구색<br />
|<br />
| ※참고↓<br />
|-<br />
| Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFF00" |<br />
| 노란색, 노랑<br />
| 노랗다<br />
| 황 <[[黃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFF99" |<br />
| 연노란색<br />
|<br />
| 연<br />
|-<br />
| Beige<br />
| style="background:#EED8AE" |<br />
| 베이지색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC" |<br />
| 아이보리색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Green<br />
| style="background:#339900" |<br />
| 초록색<br />
|<br />
| 녹 <[[綠]]>, 초록 <[[草]][[綠]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Green<br />
| style="background:#00FF00" |<br />
| 연두색<br />
|<br />
| 연 두<br />
|-<br />
| Green (Khaki)<br />
| style="background:#666600" |<br />
| 카키색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Turquoise<br />
| style="background:#009999" |<br />
| 청록색<br />
|<br />
| 녹 <[[綠]]><br />
|-<br />
| Indigo / Navy Blue<br />
| style="background:#000099" |<br />
| 남색,네이비<br />
|<br />
| 남 (indigo)<br />
|-<br />
| Blue<br />
| style="background:#0000FF" |<br />
| 파란색, 파랑, 청색<br />
| 파랗다, 푸르다<br />
| 청 <[[靑]]><br />
|-<br />
| Sky Blue<br />
| style="background:#99CCFF" |<br />
| 하늘색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| Purple<br />
| style="background:#800080" |<br />
| 보라색<br />
|<br />
| 자주 <[[紫]][[硃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Purple<br />
| style="background:#CC66FF" |<br />
| 연보라색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Brown (Chestnut)<br />
| style="background:#804000" |<br />
| 밤색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Brown<br />
| style="background:#A0522D" |<br />
| 갈색<br />
|<br />
| 갈 <[[褐]]><br />
|-<br />
| Brown (Yellow Ochre)<br />
| style="background:#DAA520" |<br />
| 황토색<br />
|<br />
| 황 <[[黃]]>, 토 (earth)<br />
|-<br />
| White<br />
| style="background:#ffffff" |<br />
| 하얀색, 하양, 흰색, 백색<br />
| 하얗다, 희다<br />
| 백 <[[白]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Gray<br />
| style="background:#CCCCCC" |<br />
| 밝은 회색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Gray<br />
| style="background:#999999" |<br />
| 회색<br />
|<br />
| 회 <[[灰]]><br />
|-<br />
| Gray<br />
| style="background:#666666" |<br />
| 진회색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Black<br />
| style="background:#000000" |<br />
| 검은색, 검정, 까만, 흑색<br />
| 검다<br />
| 흑 <[[黑]]><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| Silver<br />
| style="background:#C0C0C0" |<br />
| 은색<br />
|<br />
| 은 <[[銀]]> (glitter)<br />
|-<br />
| Gold<br />
| style="background:#D4A017" |<br />
| 금색<br />
|<br />
| 금 <[[金]]> (glitter)<br />
|}<br />
※살색(flesh-colored)은 인종차별적인 단어라고 여겨져, 2005년에 정식명칭이 살구색(apricot)이라고 바뀌었지만, 아직도 살색이라는 단어가 더 흔히 쓰이고 있다.<br />
<br />
<br />
Use of color words is more complex in Korean than in English.<br />
<br />
In English, a single color word can nearly always be used for multiple different grammatical roles and contexts. In Korean, there are various different patterns.<br />
<br />
In English, each color word like "yellow" can be used both as adjective ("the yellow flower", "The flower is yellow."), and as a noun taking various distinct meanings: such as the color yellow itself ("I like yellow."), and yellow paint or light ("It needs more yellow.").<br />
<br />
In Korean, on the other hand, all four of the above examples use distinct forms.<br />
<br />
노란 꽃 (the yellow flower)<br />
꽃 노랗다. (The flower is yellow.)<br />
노랑 좋아해요. (I like yellow.)<br />
노란색 좋아해요. (I like yellow.)<br />
노란빛 더 필요해요. (It needs more yellow.)<br />
<br />
That pattern is used for a small group of colors that have native Korean adjectives (descriptive verbs), such as 노랗다 (yellow) and 하얗다 (white). The normal Korean adjective form expresses the color as a noun modifier: 노란 꽃 (the yellow flower). Related to each adjective is a color noun ending in the sound -앙: 노랑 ("the color yellow"), 하양 ("the color white"). Somewhat confusingly, an alternate color noun can also be created using the modifier form of the adjective with the word 색 ("color"): 노란색 ("the color yellow"), 하얀색 ("the color white").<br />
<br />
On the other hand, the majority of Korean color words follow a very different pattern. They use a color base word in combination with the word 색 ("color"):<br />
<br />
오렌지색 꽃 (the orange flower)<br />
꽃 오렌지색이에요. (The flower is orange.)<br />
오렌지색 좋아해요. (I like orange.)<br />
오렌지빛 더 필요해요. (It needs more orange.)<br />
<br />
The color base word is never used by itself, but always in combination with a noun like 색 (color), or 빛 (shade, hue, tint).<br />
<br />
In the table above you will be able to see that almost all the color words are one of these two types. The notable exception is black, which has a Korean adjective (descriptive verb) 검다 and a corresponding color word 검장.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Vocabulary]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/Colors
Colors
2011-06-09T00:54:06Z
<p>Neil: Add 검다 to Korean adjectives column</p>
<hr />
<div>Use of color words is more complex in Korean than in English. See below for more details and examples.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Color !! Example !! Color Words !! Native Korean Adjectives !! Sino-Korean Roots (Chinese)<br />
|-<br />
| Red<br />
| style="background:#FF0000" |<br />
| 빨간색, 빨강, 적색, 홍색<br />
| 빨갛다<br />
| 적 <赤>, 홍 <紅><br />
|-<br />
| Vermillion<br />
| style="background:#E34234" |<br />
| 주색<br />
|<br />
| 주 <[[硃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Maroon<br />
| style="background:#8B0000"|<br />
| 적갈색<br />
|<br />
| 적갈 <[[赤]][[褐]]><br />
|-<br />
| Dark Pink<br />
| style="background:#FF33CC" |<br />
| 진분홍색, 꽃분홍색<br />
|<br />
| 분홍<br />
|-<br />
| Pink<br />
| style="background:#FF99FF" |<br />
| 분홍색, 핑크색<br />
|<br />
| 분홍<br />
|-<br />
| Light Pink<br />
| style="background:#FFCCFF" |<br />
| 연분홍색<br />
|<br />
| 분홍<br />
|-<br />
| Orange<br />
| style="background:#FF6633" |<br />
| 주황색<br />
|<br />
| 주황 <[[硃]][[黃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Orange<br />
| style="background:#FF9900" |<br />
| 오렌지색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Flesh / Apricot<br />
| style="background:#FFE4B5" |<br />
| 살색, 살구색<br />
|<br />
| ※참고↓<br />
|-<br />
| Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFF00" |<br />
| 노란색, 노랑<br />
| 노랗다<br />
| 황 <[[黃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFF99" |<br />
| 연노란색<br />
|<br />
| 연<br />
|-<br />
| Beige<br />
| style="background:#EED8AE" |<br />
| 베이지색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC" |<br />
| 아이보리색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Green<br />
| style="background:#339900" |<br />
| 초록색<br />
|<br />
| 녹 <[[綠]]>, 초록 <[[草]][[綠]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Green<br />
| style="background:#00FF00" |<br />
| 연두색<br />
|<br />
| 연 두<br />
|-<br />
| Green (Khaki)<br />
| style="background:#666600" |<br />
| 카키색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Turquoise<br />
| style="background:#009999" |<br />
| 청록색<br />
|<br />
| 녹 <[[綠]]><br />
|-<br />
| Indigo / Navy Blue<br />
| style="background:#000099" |<br />
| 남색,네이비<br />
|<br />
| 남<br />
|-<br />
| Blue<br />
| style="background:#0000FF" |<br />
| 파란색, 파랑<br />
| 파랗다<br />
| 청 <[[靑]]><br />
|-<br />
| Sky Blue<br />
| style="background:#99CCFF" |<br />
| 하늘색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| Purple<br />
| style="background:#800080" |<br />
| 보라색<br />
|<br />
| 자주 <[[紫]][[硃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Purple<br />
| style="background:#CC66FF" |<br />
| 연보라색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Brown (Chestnut)<br />
| style="background:#804000" |<br />
| 밤색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Brown<br />
| style="background:#A0522D" |<br />
| 갈색<br />
|<br />
| 갈 <[[褐]]><br />
|-<br />
| Brown (Yellow Ochre)<br />
| style="background:#DAA520" |<br />
| 황토색<br />
|<br />
| 황 <[[黃]]>, 토 (earth)<br />
|-<br />
| White<br />
| style="background:#ffffff" |<br />
| 하얀색, 하양, 흰색, 백색<br />
| 하얗다, 희다<br />
| 백 <[[白]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Gray<br />
| style="background:#CCCCCC" |<br />
| 밝은 회색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Gray<br />
| style="background:#999999" |<br />
| 회색<br />
|<br />
| 회 <[[灰]]><br />
|-<br />
| Gray<br />
| style="background:#666666" |<br />
| 진회색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Black<br />
| style="background:#000000" |<br />
| 검은색, 검정, 까만, 흑색<br />
| 검다<br />
| 흑 <[[黑]]><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| Silver<br />
| style="background:#C0C0C0" |<br />
| 은색<br />
|<br />
| 은 <[[銀]]> (glitter)<br />
|-<br />
| Gold<br />
| style="background:#D4A017" |<br />
| 금색<br />
|<br />
| 금 <[[金]]> (glitter)<br />
|}<br />
※살색(flesh-colored)은 인종차별적인 단어라고 여겨져, 2005년에 정식명칭이 살구색(apricot)이라고 바뀌었지만, 아직도 살색이라는 단어가 더 흔히 쓰이고 있다.<br />
<br />
<br />
Use of color words is more complex in Korean than in English.<br />
<br />
In English, a single color word can nearly always be used for multiple different grammatical roles and contexts. In Korean, there are various different patterns.<br />
<br />
In English, each color word like "yellow" can be used both as adjective ("the yellow flower", "The flower is yellow."), and as a noun taking various distinct meanings: such as the color yellow itself ("I like yellow."), and yellow paint or light ("It needs more yellow.").<br />
<br />
In Korean, on the other hand, all four of the above examples use distinct forms.<br />
<br />
노란 꽃 (the yellow flower)<br />
꽃 노랗다. (The flower is yellow.)<br />
노랑 좋아해요. (I like yellow.)<br />
노란색 좋아해요. (I like yellow.)<br />
노란빛 더 필요해요. (It needs more yellow.)<br />
<br />
That pattern is used for a small group of colors that have native Korean adjectives (descriptive verbs), such as 노랗다 (yellow) and 하얗다 (white). The normal Korean adjective form expresses the color as a noun modifier: 노란 꽃 (the yellow flower). Related to each adjective is a color noun ending in the sound -앙: 노랑 ("the color yellow"), 하양 ("the color white"). Somewhat confusingly, an alternate color noun can also be created using the modifier form of the adjective with the word 색 ("color"): 노란색 ("the color yellow"), 하얀색 ("the color white").<br />
<br />
On the other hand, the majority of Korean color words follow a very different pattern. They use a color base word in combination with the word 색 ("color"):<br />
<br />
오렌지색 꽃 (the orange flower)<br />
꽃 오렌지색이에요. (The flower is orange.)<br />
오렌지색 좋아해요. (I like orange.)<br />
오렌지빛 더 필요해요. (It needs more orange.)<br />
<br />
The color base word is never used by itself, but always in combination with a noun like 색 (color), or 빛 (shade, hue, tint).<br />
<br />
In the table above you will be able to see that almost all the color words are one of these two types. The notable exception is black, which has a Korean adjective (descriptive verb) 검다 and a corresponding color word 검장.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Vocabulary]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/Colors
Colors
2011-06-09T00:47:36Z
<p>Neil: fixed a typo</p>
<hr />
<div>Use of color words is more complex in Korean than in English. See below for more details and examples.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Color !! Example !! Color Words !! Native Korean Adjectives !! Sino-Korean Roots (Chinese)<br />
|-<br />
| Red<br />
| style="background:#FF0000" |<br />
| 빨간색, 빨강, 적색, 홍색<br />
| 빨갛다<br />
| 적 <赤>, 홍 <紅><br />
|-<br />
| Vermillion<br />
| style="background:#E34234" |<br />
| 주색<br />
|<br />
| 주 <[[硃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Maroon<br />
| style="background:#8B0000"|<br />
| 적갈색<br />
|<br />
| 적갈 <[[赤]][[褐]]><br />
|-<br />
| Dark Pink<br />
| style="background:#FF33CC" |<br />
| 진분홍색, 꽃분홍색<br />
|<br />
| 분홍<br />
|-<br />
| Pink<br />
| style="background:#FF99FF" |<br />
| 분홍색, 핑크색<br />
|<br />
| 분홍<br />
|-<br />
| Light Pink<br />
| style="background:#FFCCFF" |<br />
| 연분홍색<br />
|<br />
| 분홍<br />
|-<br />
| Orange<br />
| style="background:#FF6633" |<br />
| 주황색<br />
|<br />
| 주황 <[[硃]][[黃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Orange<br />
| style="background:#FF9900" |<br />
| 오렌지색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Flesh / Apricot<br />
| style="background:#FFE4B5" |<br />
| 살색, 살구색<br />
|<br />
| ※참고↓<br />
|-<br />
| Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFF00" |<br />
| 노란색, 노랑<br />
| 노랗다<br />
| 황 <[[黃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFF99" |<br />
| 연노란색<br />
|<br />
| 연<br />
|-<br />
| Beige<br />
| style="background:#EED8AE" |<br />
| 베이지색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC" |<br />
| 아이보리색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Green<br />
| style="background:#339900" |<br />
| 초록색<br />
|<br />
| 녹 <[[綠]]>, 초록 <[[草]][[綠]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Green<br />
| style="background:#00FF00" |<br />
| 연두색<br />
|<br />
| 연 두<br />
|-<br />
| Green (Khaki)<br />
| style="background:#666600" |<br />
| 카키색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Turquoise<br />
| style="background:#009999" |<br />
| 청록색<br />
|<br />
| 녹 <[[綠]]><br />
|-<br />
| Indigo / Navy Blue<br />
| style="background:#000099" |<br />
| 남색,네이비<br />
|<br />
| 남<br />
|-<br />
| Blue<br />
| style="background:#0000FF" |<br />
| 파란색, 파랑<br />
| 파랗다<br />
| 청 <[[靑]]><br />
|-<br />
| Sky Blue<br />
| style="background:#99CCFF" |<br />
| 하늘색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| Purple<br />
| style="background:#800080" |<br />
| 보라색<br />
|<br />
| 자주 <[[紫]][[硃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Purple<br />
| style="background:#CC66FF" |<br />
| 연보라색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Brown (Chestnut)<br />
| style="background:#804000" |<br />
| 밤색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Brown<br />
| style="background:#A0522D" |<br />
| 갈색<br />
|<br />
| 갈 <[[褐]]><br />
|-<br />
| Brown (Yellow Ochre)<br />
| style="background:#DAA520" |<br />
| 황토색<br />
|<br />
| 황 <[[黃]]>, 토 (earth)<br />
|-<br />
| White<br />
| style="background:#ffffff" |<br />
| 하얀색, 하양, 흰색, 백색<br />
| 하얗다, 희다<br />
| 백 <[[白]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Gray<br />
| style="background:#CCCCCC" |<br />
| 밝은 회색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Gray<br />
| style="background:#999999" |<br />
| 회색<br />
|<br />
| 회 <[[灰]]><br />
|-<br />
| Gray<br />
| style="background:#666666" |<br />
| 진회색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Black<br />
| style="background:#000000" |<br />
| 검은색, 검정, 까만, 흑색<br />
|<br />
| 흑 <[[黑]]><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| Silver<br />
| style="background:#C0C0C0" |<br />
| 은색<br />
|<br />
| 은 <[[銀]]> (glitter)<br />
|-<br />
| Gold<br />
| style="background:#D4A017" |<br />
| 금색<br />
|<br />
| 금 <[[金]]> (glitter)<br />
|}<br />
※살색(flesh-colored)은 인종차별적인 단어라고 여겨져, 2005년에 정식명칭이 살구색(apricot)이라고 바뀌었지만, 아직도 살색이라는 단어가 더 흔히 쓰이고 있다.<br />
<br />
<br />
Use of color words is more complex in Korean than in English.<br />
<br />
In English, a single color word can nearly always be used for multiple different grammatical roles and contexts. In Korean, there are various different patterns.<br />
<br />
In English, each color word like "yellow" can be used both as adjective ("the yellow flower", "The flower is yellow."), and as a noun taking various distinct meanings: such as the color yellow itself ("I like yellow."), and yellow paint or light ("It needs more yellow.").<br />
<br />
In Korean, on the other hand, all four of the above examples use distinct forms.<br />
<br />
노란 꽃 (the yellow flower)<br />
꽃 노랗다. (The flower is yellow.)<br />
노랑 좋아해요. (I like yellow.)<br />
노란색 좋아해요. (I like yellow.)<br />
노란빛 더 필요해요. (It needs more yellow.)<br />
<br />
That pattern is used for a small group of colors that have native Korean adjectives (descriptive verbs), such as 노랗다 (yellow) and 하얗다 (white). The normal Korean adjective form expresses the color as a noun modifier: 노란 꽃 (the yellow flower). Related to each adjective is a color noun ending in the sound -앙: 노랑 ("the color yellow"), 하양 ("the color white"). Somewhat confusingly, an alternate color noun can also be created using the modifier form of the adjective with the word 색 ("color"): 노란색 ("the color yellow"), 하얀색 ("the color white").<br />
<br />
On the other hand, the majority of Korean color words follow a very different pattern. They use a color base word in combination with the word 색 ("color"):<br />
<br />
오렌지색 꽃 (the orange flower)<br />
꽃 오렌지색이에요. (The flower is orange.)<br />
오렌지색 좋아해요. (I like orange.)<br />
오렌지빛 더 필요해요. (It needs more orange.)<br />
<br />
The color base word is never used by itself, but always in combination with a noun like 색 (color), or 빛 (shade, hue, tint).<br />
<br />
In the table above you will be able to see that almost all the color words are one of these two types. The notable exception is black, which has a Korean adjective (descriptive verb) 검다 and a corresponding color word 검장.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Vocabulary]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/Colors
Colors
2011-06-09T00:37:10Z
<p>Neil: Cleaning up the table, clarifying 형용사 instances, adding some more colors and specifying more chinese roots (but I'm not set up to write the characters)</p>
<hr />
<div>Use of color words is more complex in Korean than in English. See below for more details and examples.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Color !! Example !! Color Words !! Native Korean Adjectives !! Sino-Korean Roots (Chinese)<br />
|-<br />
| Red<br />
| style="background:#FF0000" |<br />
| 빨간색, 빨강, 적색, 홍색<br />
| 빨닿다<br />
| 적 <赤>, 홍 <紅><br />
|-<br />
| Vermillion<br />
| style="background:#E34234" |<br />
| 주색<br />
|<br />
| 주 <[[硃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Maroon<br />
| style="background:#8B0000"|<br />
| 적갈색<br />
|<br />
| 적갈 <[[赤]][[褐]]><br />
|-<br />
| Dark Pink<br />
| style="background:#FF33CC" |<br />
| 진분홍색, 꽃분홍색<br />
|<br />
| 분홍<br />
|-<br />
| Pink<br />
| style="background:#FF99FF" |<br />
| 분홍색, 핑크색<br />
|<br />
| 분홍<br />
|-<br />
| Light Pink<br />
| style="background:#FFCCFF" |<br />
| 연분홍색<br />
|<br />
| 분홍<br />
|-<br />
| Orange<br />
| style="background:#FF6633" |<br />
| 주황색<br />
|<br />
| 주황 <[[硃]][[黃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Orange<br />
| style="background:#FF9900" |<br />
| 오렌지색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Flesh / Apricot<br />
| style="background:#FFE4B5" |<br />
| 살색, 살구색<br />
|<br />
| ※참고↓<br />
|-<br />
| Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFF00" |<br />
| 노란색, 노랑<br />
| 노랗다<br />
| 황 <[[黃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFF99" |<br />
| 연노란색<br />
|<br />
| 연<br />
|-<br />
| Beige<br />
| style="background:#EED8AE" |<br />
| 베이지색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC" |<br />
| 아이보리색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Green<br />
| style="background:#339900" |<br />
| 초록색<br />
|<br />
| 녹 <[[綠]]>, 초록 <[[草]][[綠]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Green<br />
| style="background:#00FF00" |<br />
| 연두색<br />
|<br />
| 연 두<br />
|-<br />
| Green (Khaki)<br />
| style="background:#666600" |<br />
| 카키색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Turquoise<br />
| style="background:#009999" |<br />
| 청록색<br />
|<br />
| 녹 <[[綠]]><br />
|-<br />
| Indigo / Navy Blue<br />
| style="background:#000099" |<br />
| 남색,네이비<br />
|<br />
| 남<br />
|-<br />
| Blue<br />
| style="background:#0000FF" |<br />
| 파란색, 파랑<br />
| 파랗다<br />
| 청 <[[靑]]><br />
|-<br />
| Sky Blue<br />
| style="background:#99CCFF" |<br />
| 하늘색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| Purple<br />
| style="background:#800080" |<br />
| 보라색<br />
|<br />
| 자주 <[[紫]][[硃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Purple<br />
| style="background:#CC66FF" |<br />
| 연보라색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Brown (Chestnut)<br />
| style="background:#804000" |<br />
| 밤색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Brown<br />
| style="background:#A0522D" |<br />
| 갈색<br />
|<br />
| 갈 <[[褐]]><br />
|-<br />
| Brown (Yellow Ochre)<br />
| style="background:#DAA520" |<br />
| 황토색<br />
|<br />
| 황 <[[黃]]>, 토 (earth)<br />
|-<br />
| White<br />
| style="background:#ffffff" |<br />
| 하얀색, 하양, 흰색, 백색<br />
| 하얗다, 희다<br />
| 백 <[[白]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Gray<br />
| style="background:#CCCCCC" |<br />
| 밝은 회색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Gray<br />
| style="background:#999999" |<br />
| 회색<br />
|<br />
| 회 <[[灰]]><br />
|-<br />
| Gray<br />
| style="background:#666666" |<br />
| 진회색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Black<br />
| style="background:#000000" |<br />
| 검은색, 검정, 까만, 흑색<br />
|<br />
| 흑 <[[黑]]><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| Silver<br />
| style="background:#C0C0C0" |<br />
| 은색<br />
|<br />
| 은 <[[銀]]> (glitter)<br />
|-<br />
| Gold<br />
| style="background:#D4A017" |<br />
| 금색<br />
|<br />
| 금 <[[金]]> (glitter)<br />
|}<br />
※살색(flesh-colored)은 인종차별적인 단어라고 여겨져, 2005년에 정식명칭이 살구색(apricot)이라고 바뀌었지만, 아직도 살색이라는 단어가 더 흔히 쓰이고 있다.<br />
<br />
<br />
Use of color words is more complex in Korean than in English.<br />
<br />
In English, a single color word can nearly always be used for multiple different grammatical roles and contexts. In Korean, there are various different patterns.<br />
<br />
In English, each color word like "yellow" can be used both as adjective ("the yellow flower", "The flower is yellow."), and as a noun taking various distinct meanings: such as the color yellow itself ("I like yellow."), and yellow paint or light ("It needs more yellow.").<br />
<br />
In Korean, on the other hand, all four of the above examples use distinct forms.<br />
<br />
노란 꽃 (the yellow flower)<br />
꽃 노랗다. (The flower is yellow.)<br />
노랑 좋아해요. (I like yellow.)<br />
노란색 좋아해요. (I like yellow.)<br />
노란빛 더 필요해요. (It needs more yellow.)<br />
<br />
That pattern is used for a small group of colors that have native Korean adjectives (descriptive verbs), such as 노랗다 (yellow) and 하얗다 (white). The normal Korean adjective form expresses the color as a noun modifier: 노란 꽃 (the yellow flower). Related to each adjective is a color noun ending in the sound -앙: 노랑 ("the color yellow"), 하양 ("the color white"). Somewhat confusingly, an alternate color noun can also be created using the modifier form of the adjective with the word 색 ("color"): 노란색 ("the color yellow"), 하얀색 ("the color white").<br />
<br />
On the other hand, the majority of Korean color words follow a very different pattern. They use a color base word in combination with the word 색 ("color"):<br />
<br />
오렌지색 꽃 (the orange flower)<br />
꽃 오렌지색이에요. (The flower is orange.)<br />
오렌지색 좋아해요. (I like orange.)<br />
오렌지빛 더 필요해요. (It needs more orange.)<br />
<br />
The color base word is never used by itself, but always in combination with a noun like 색 (color), or 빛 (shade, hue, tint).<br />
<br />
In the table above you will be able to see that almost all the color words are one of these two types. The notable exception is black, which has a Korean adjective (descriptive verb) 검다 and a corresponding color word 검장.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Vocabulary]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/Colors
Colors
2011-06-09T00:25:37Z
<p>Neil: </p>
<hr />
<div>Use of color words is more complex in Korean than in English. See below for more details and examples.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Color !! Example !! Color Words !! Native Korean Adjectives !! Sino-Korean Roots (Chinese)<br />
|-<br />
| Red<br />
| style="background:#FF0000" |<br />
| 빨간색, 빨강, 적색, 홍색<br />
| 빨닿다<br />
| 적 <赤>, 홍 <紅><br />
|-<br />
| Vermillion<br />
| style="background:#E34234" |<br />
| 주색<br />
| <br />
| 주 <[[硃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Maroon<br />
| style="background:#8B0000"|<br />
| 적갈색<br />
|<br />
| 적갈 <[[赤]][[褐]]><br />
|-<br />
| Pink<br />
| style="background:#FF33CC" |<br />
| 진분홍색, 꽃분홍색<br />
|<br />
| 분홍<br />
|-<br />
| Pink<br />
| style="background:#FF99FF" |<br />
| 분홍색, 핑크색<br />
|<br />
| 분홍<br />
|-<br />
| Light Pink<br />
| style="background:#FFCCFF" |<br />
| 연분홍색<br />
|<br />
| 분홍<br />
|-<br />
| Orange<br />
| style="background:#FF6633" |<br />
| 주황색<br />
|<br />
| 주황 <[[硃]][[黃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Orange<br />
| style="background:#FF9900" |<br />
| 오렌지색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Apricot<br />
| style="background:#FFE4B5" |<br />
| 살색, 살구색<br />
|<br />
| ※참고↓<br />
|-<br />
| Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFF00" |<br />
| 노란색, 노랑<br />
| 노랗다<br />
| 황 <[[黃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFF99" |<br />
| 연노란색<br />
|<br />
| 연<br />
|-<br />
| Beige<br />
| style="background:#EED8AE" |<br />
| 베이지색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC" |<br />
| 아이보리색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Green<br />
| style="background:#339900" |<br />
| 초록색<br />
|<br />
| 녹 <[[綠]]>, 초록 <[[草]][[綠]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Green<br />
| style="background:#00FF00" |<br />
| 연두색<br />
|<br />
| 연 두<br />
|-<br />
| Green<br />
| style="background:#666600" |<br />
| 카키색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Turquoise<br />
| style="background:#009999" |<br />
| 청록색<br />
|<br />
| 녹 <[[綠]]><br />
|-<br />
| Indigo, Navy Blue<br />
| style="background:#000099" |<br />
| 남색,네이비<br />
|<br />
| 남<br />
|-<br />
| Blue<br />
| style="background:#0000FF" |<br />
| 파란색, 파랑<br />
| 파랗다<br />
| 청 <[[靑]]><br />
|-<br />
| Sky Blue<br />
| style="background:#99CCFF" |<br />
| 하늘색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| Purple<br />
| style="background:#800080" |<br />
| 보라색<br />
|<br />
| 자주 <[[紫]][[硃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Purple<br />
| style="background:#CC66FF" |<br />
| 연보라색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Brown<br />
| style="background:#804000" |<br />
| 밤색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Brown<br />
| style="background:#A0522D" |<br />
| 갈색<br />
|<br />
| 갈 <[[褐]]><br />
|-<br />
| Brown (Yellow Ochre)<br />
| style="background:#DAA520" |<br />
| 황토색<br />
|<br />
| 황 <[[黃]]> 토<br />
|-<br />
| White<br />
| style="background:#ffffff" |<br />
| 하얀색, 하양, 흰색<br />
| 하얗다<br />
| 백 <[[白]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Gray<br />
| style="background:#CCCCCC" |<br />
| 밝은 회색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Gray<br />
| style="background:#999999" |<br />
| 회색<br />
|<br />
| 회 <[[灰]]><br />
|-<br />
| Gray<br />
| style="background:#666666" |<br />
| 진회색<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Black<br />
| style="background:#000000" |<br />
| 검은색, 검정, 까만<br />
|<br />
| 흑 <[[黑]]><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| Silver<br />
| style="background:#C0C0C0" |<br />
| 은색<br />
|<br />
| 은색 <[[銀]][[色]]> (glitter)<br />
|-<br />
| Gold<br />
| style="background:#D4A017" |<br />
| 금색<br />
|<br />
| 금색 <[[金]][[色]]> (glitter)<br />
|}<br />
※살색(flesh-colored)은 인종차별적인 단어라고 여겨져, 2005년에 정식명칭이 살구색(apricot)이라고 바뀌었지만, 아직도 살색이라는 단어가 더 흔히 쓰이고 있다.<br />
<br />
<br />
Use of color words is more complex in Korean than in English.<br />
<br />
In English, a single color word can nearly always be used for multiple different grammatical roles and contexts. In Korean, there are various different patterns.<br />
<br />
In English, each color word like "yellow" can be used both as adjective ("the yellow flower", "The flower is yellow."), and as a noun taking various distinct meanings: such as the color yellow itself ("I like yellow."), and yellow paint or light ("It needs more yellow.").<br />
<br />
In Korean, on the other hand, all four of the above examples use distinct forms.<br />
<br />
노란 꽃 (the yellow flower)<br />
꽃 노랗다. (The flower is yellow.)<br />
노랑 좋아해요. (I like yellow.)<br />
노란색 좋아해요. (I like yellow.)<br />
노란빛 더 필요해요. (It needs more yellow.)<br />
<br />
That pattern is used for a small group of colors that have native Korean adjectives (descriptive verbs), such as 노랗다 (yellow) and 하얗다 (white). The normal Korean adjective form expresses the color as a noun modifier: 노란 꽃 (the yellow flower). Related to each adjective is a color noun ending in the sound -앙: 노랑 ("the color yellow"), 하양 ("the color white"). Somewhat confusingly, an alternate color noun can also be created using the modifier form of the adjective with the word 색 ("color"): 노란색 ("the color yellow"), 하얀색 ("the color white").<br />
<br />
On the other hand, the majority of Korean color words follow a very different pattern. They use a color base word in combination with the word 색 ("color"):<br />
<br />
오렌지색 꽃 (the orange flower)<br />
꽃 오렌지색이에요. (The flower is orange.)<br />
오렌지색 좋아해요. (I like orange.)<br />
오렌지빛 더 필요해요. (It needs more orange.)<br />
<br />
The color base word is never used by itself, but always in combination with a noun like 색 (color), or 빛 (shade, hue, tint).<br />
<br />
In the table above you will be able to see that almost all the color words are one of these two types. The notable exception is black, which has a Korean adjective (descriptive verb) 검다 and a corresponding color word 검장.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Vocabulary]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/Colors
Colors
2011-06-02T00:17:32Z
<p>Neil: Added a detailed explanation of the patterns of the two main groups of color words.</p>
<hr />
<div>Use of color words is more complex in Korean than in English. See below for more details and examples.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Color !! Example !! Native Korean !! Sino-Korean (Chinese)<br />
|-<br />
| Red<br />
| style="background:#FF0000" |<br />
| 빨간색, 빨강<br />
| 적 <赤>, 홍 <紅><br />
|-<br />
| Maroon<br />
| style="background:#8B0000"|<br />
|<br />
| 적갈색 <[[赤]][[褐]][[色]]><br />
|-<br />
| Pink<br />
| style="background:#FF33CC" |<br />
| 진분홍색, 꽃분홍색<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Pink<br />
| style="background:#FF99FF" |<br />
| 분홍색, 핑크색<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Light Pink<br />
| style="background:#FFCCFF" |<br />
| 연분홍색<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Orange<br />
| style="background:#FF6633" |<br />
| 주황색<br />
| 주황 <[[硃]][[黃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Orange<br />
| style="background:#FF9900" |<br />
| 오렌지색<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Apricot<br />
| style="background:#FFE4B5" |<br />
| 살색]]/살구색<br />
| ※참고↓<br />
|-<br />
| Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFF00" |<br />
| 노란색, 노랑<br />
| 황 <[[黃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFF99" |<br />
| 연노랑색<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Beige<br />
| style="background:#EED8AE" |<br />
| 베이지색<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Yellow<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC" |<br />
| 아이보리색<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Green<br />
| style="background:#339900" |<br />
| 초록색<br />
| 녹 <[[綠]]>, 초록색]] <[[草]][[綠]][[色]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Green<br />
| style="background:#00FF00" |<br />
| 연두색<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Green<br />
| style="background:#666600" |<br />
| 카키색<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Green<br />
| style="background:#009999" |<br />
| 청록색<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Navy Blue<br />
| style="background:#000099" |<br />
| 남색,네이비<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Blue<br />
| style="background:#0000FF" |<br />
| 파란색, 파랑<br />
| 청 <[[靑]]><br />
|-<br />
| Sky Blue<br />
| style="background:#99CCFF" |<br />
| 하늘색<br />
|<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| Purple<br />
| style="background:#800080" |<br />
| 보라색<br />
| 자주 <[[紫]][[硃]]><br />
|-<br />
| Purple<br />
| style="background:#CC66FF" |<br />
| 연보라색<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Brown<br />
| style="background:#804000" |<br />
| 밤색<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Brown<br />
| style="background:#A0522D" |<br />
| 갈색<br />
| 갈 <[[褐]]><br />
|-<br />
| Brown<br />
| style="background:#DAA520" |<br />
| 황토색<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| White<br />
| style="background:#ffffff" |<br />
| 하얀색, 하양, 흰색<br />
| 백 <[[白]]><br />
|-<br />
| Light Gray<br />
| style="background:#CCCCCC" |<br />
| 밝은 회색<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Gray<br />
| style="background:#999999" |<br />
| 회색<br />
| 회 <[[灰]]><br />
|-<br />
| Gray<br />
| style="background:#666666" |<br />
| 진회색<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Black<br />
| style="background:#000000" |<br />
| 검은색, 검정, 까만<br />
| 흑 <[[黑]]><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| Silver<br />
| style="background:#C0C0C0" |<br />
| 은색<br />
| 은색 <[[銀]][[色]]> (glitter)<br />
|-<br />
| Gold<br />
| style="background:#D4A017" |<br />
| 금색<br />
| 금색 <[[金]][[色]]> (glitter)<br />
|}<br />
※살색(flesh-colored)은 인종차별적인 단어라고 여겨져, 2005년에 정식명칭이 살구색(apricot)이라고 바뀌었지만, 아직도 살색이라는 단어가 더 흔히 쓰이고 있다.<br />
<br />
<br />
Use of color words is more complex in Korean than in English.<br />
<br />
In English, a single color word can nearly always be used for multiple different grammatical roles and contexts. In Korean, there are various different patterns.<br />
<br />
In English, each color word like "yellow" can be used both as adjective ("the yellow flower", "The flower is yellow."), and as a noun taking various distinct meanings: such as the color yellow itself ("I like yellow."), and yellow paint or light ("It needs more yellow."). <br />
<br />
In Korean, on the other hand, all four of the above examples use distinct forms.<br />
<br />
노란 꽃 (the yellow flower)<br />
꽃 노랗다. (The flower is yellow.)<br />
노랑 좋아해요. (I like yellow.)<br />
노란색 좋아해요. (I like yellow.)<br />
노란빛 더 필요해요. (It needs more yellow.)<br />
<br />
That pattern is used for a small group of colors that have native Korean adjectives (descriptive verbs), such as 노랗다 (yellow) and 하얗다 (white). The normal Korean adjective form expresses the color as a noun modifier: 노란 꽃 (the yellow flower). Related to each adjective is a color noun ending in the sound -앙: 노랑 ("the color yellow"), 하양 ("the color white"). Somewhat confusingly, an alternate color noun can also be created using the modifier form of the adjective with the word 색 ("color"): 노란색 ("the color yellow"), 하얀색 ("the color white").<br />
<br />
On the other hand, the majority of Korean color words follow a very different pattern. They use a color base word in combination with the word 색 ("color"):<br />
<br />
오렌지색 꽃 (the orange flower)<br />
꽃 오렌지색이에요. (The flower is orange.)<br />
오렌지색 좋아해요. (I like orange.)<br />
오렌지빛 더 필요해요. (It needs more orange.)<br />
<br />
The color base word is never used by itself, but always in combination with a noun like 색 (color), or 빛 (shade, hue, tint).<br />
<br />
In the table above you will be able to see that each color word is one of these two types.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Vocabulary]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/Category_talk:Grammar
Category talk:Grammar
2010-11-21T01:57:07Z
<p>Neil: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Pages to add==<br />
*[[거나]]<br />
*[[거니와]]<br />
*[[거든]]<br />
*[[거들랑]]<br />
*[[거라]]<br />
*[[건]]<br />
*[[건대]]<br />
*[[건마는]]<br />
*[[건만]]<br />
*[[N + 게]], other meanings as well<br />
*[[게 마련이다]]<br />
*[[게 만들다]]<br />
*[[게 생겼다]]<br />
*[[고 나다]]<br />
*[[고는]]<br />
*[[고는 하다]]<br />
*[[고도]]<br />
*[[고 들다]]<br />
*[[고말고요]]<br />
*[[고 말다]]<br />
*[[고 보다]]<br />
*[[고서]]<br />
*[[고서는]]<br />
*[[고서야]]<br />
*[[고 싶어 하다]]<br />
*[[고야]]<br />
*[[고요]]<br />
*[[고자]]<br />
*[[고 해서]]<br />
*[[곤]]<br />
*[[곤 하다]]<br />
*[[구려]]<br />
*[[구만]]<br />
*[[구먼]]<br />
*[[군]]<br />
*[[기가 무섭게]]<br />
*[[기가 바쁘게]]<br />
*[[기가 쉽다]]<br />
*[[기 나름이다]]<br />
*[[기나 하다]]<br />
*[[기는]]<br />
*[[기는요]]<br />
*[[기 때문]]<br />
*[[기로]]<br />
*[[기로 들다]]<br />
*[[기로서니]]<br />
*[[기로 하다]]<br />
*[[기 마련이다]]<br />
*[[기만 하다]]<br />
*[[기 십상이다]]<br />
*[[기에]]<br />
*[[기에 따라]]<br />
*[[기에 앞서(서)]]<br />
*[[기 위한]]<br />
*[[기 위해(서)]]<br />
*[[기 일쑤이다]]<br />
*[[기 전에]]<br />
*[[기 짝이 없다]]<br />
*[[긴]]<br />
*[[긴요]]<br />
*[[길래]]<br />
*[[N + 깨나]]<br />
*[[N + 께]]<br />
*[[N + 께서]]<br />
<br />
*[[Indirect Speech]] Subcategory of grammar, with overview, and split into many entries: (이)라고, 다고, 은/는다고, etc.<br />
<br />
*[[(으)ㄴ]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/Category_talk:Grammar
Category talk:Grammar
2010-11-20T13:46:08Z
<p>Neil: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Pages to add==<br />
*[[거나]]<br />
*[[거니와]]<br />
*[[거든]]<br />
*[[거들랑]]<br />
*[[거라]]<br />
*[[건]]<br />
*[[건대]]<br />
*[[건마는]]<br />
*[[건만]]<br />
*[[N + 게]], other meanings as well<br />
*[[게 마련이다]]<br />
*[[게 만들다]]<br />
*[[게 생겼다]]<br />
*[[고 나다]]<br />
*[[고는]]<br />
*[[고는 하다]]<br />
*[[고도]]<br />
*[[고 들다]]<br />
*[[고말고요]]<br />
*[[고 말다]]<br />
*[[고 보다]]<br />
*[[고서]]<br />
*[[고서는]]<br />
*[[고서야]]<br />
*[[고 싶어 하다]]<br />
*[[고야]]<br />
*[[고요]]<br />
*[[고자]]<br />
*[[고 해서]]<br />
*[[곤]]<br />
*[[곤 하다]]<br />
*[[구려]]<br />
*[[구만]]<br />
*[[구먼]]<br />
*[[군]]<br />
*[[기가 무섭게]]<br />
*[[기가 바쁘게]]<br />
*[[기가 쉽다]]<br />
*[[기 나름이다]]<br />
*[[기나 하다]]<br />
*[[기는]]<br />
*[[기는요]]<br />
*[[기 때문]]<br />
*[[기로]]<br />
*[[기로 들다]]<br />
*[[기로서니]]<br />
*[[기로 하다]]<br />
*[[기 마련이다]]<br />
*[[기만 하다]]<br />
*[[기 십상이다]]<br />
*[[기에]]<br />
*[[기에 따라]]<br />
*[[기에 앞서(서)]]<br />
*[[기 위한]]<br />
*[[기 위해(서)]]<br />
*[[기 일쑤이다]]<br />
*[[기 전에]]<br />
*[[기 짝이 없다]]<br />
*[[긴]]<br />
*[[긴요]]<br />
*[[길래]]<br />
*[[N + 깨나]]<br />
*[[N + 께]]<br />
*[[N + 께서]]<br />
<br />
*[[A/V + 다고]] Split into many usages, or one entry? Might need a more major entry separately: "reported speech"?<br />
<br />
*[[(으)ㄴ]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%E3%85%8E_irregular_verbs
ㅎ irregular verbs
2010-11-14T02:16:14Z
<p>Neil: New page to cover this irregular very type.</p>
<hr />
<div>Some verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㅎ [[받침]] are irregular.<br />
<br />
These irregular verbs/adjectives drop the ㅎ and conjugate like stems without [[받침]] in some cases (see below), and use the 야 conjugation in [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]] forms.<br />
<br />
Note that many verbs/adjectives with a ㅎ 받침 are regular (the ㅎ is not dropped, etc.). There is no specific rule to know whether one is irregular or not; instead you must memorize which are irregular and which ones aren't. <br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
<br />
This section is incomplete and needs to be filled in.<br />
<br />
Some irregular ㅎ verbs/adjectives: 노랗다, 빨갛다, 까맣다, 하얗다, 파갛다, 그렇다, 어떻다<br />
<br />
Some regular ㅎ verbs/adjectives (which do not drop the ㅎ): 좋다, 넣다, 놓다, 많다, 낳다, 찧다, 쌓다, 싫다, 괜찮다<br />
<br />
[[Category:Grammar]][[Category:Irregular verbs]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%EB%A5%B4_irregular_verbs
르 irregular verbs
2010-11-14T01:49:47Z
<p>Neil: Added to grammar category</p>
<hr />
<div>Verbs and adjectives with the last syllable 르 have a special form when conjugated with all [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]] patterns. <br />
<br />
The choice of 아/어 follows the syllable before the final 르. The ㄹ is doubled and the ㅡ is dropped. E.g. 부르다 becomes 불러, and 다르다 becomes 달라.<br />
<br />
All verbs/adjectives ending in 르 follow this rule except one (따르다).<br />
<br />
==Rule Explanation==<br />
<br />
===Verb/Adj Stem with 오 / 아===<br />
If a verb or adjective has a 르 as the last syllable in the [[stem]], and will conjugate with 아, i.e. [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]], and the previous syllable contains an 오 or an 아, then 르 + 아 becomes 라 and a ㄹ is added to the [[받침]] of the previous syllable.<br />
<br />
===All other Verb/Adj Stems===<br />
If a verb or adjective has a 르 as the last syllable in the [[stem]], and will conjugate with 어, i.e. [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]], and the previous syllable contains does not have an 오 or an 아, then 르 + 어 becomes 러 and a ㄹ is added to the [[받침]] of the previous syllable.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Step by Step Example===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+An Example of the Process for Conjugating an Irregular 르 Verb/Adj<br />
|-<br />
! Step # !! 빠르다 (to be quick) + ([[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]]) !! 모르다 (to not know) + ([[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]]) !! 부르다 (to call, to be full) + ([[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]]) !! 서두르다 (to hurry up) + ([[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]])<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 1: Is the last syllable of the stem 르?</div> <br />
| Yes || Yes || Yes || Yes<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 2: Does the syllable before the 르 contain an 오 or an 아?</div><br />
| Yes, contains 아:<br>So add 라 || Yes contains 오:<br>So add 라 || No:<br> So add 러 || No:<br> So add 러<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 3: Add ㄹ to the [[받침]] of the preceding syllable</div> <br />
| 빨라 || 몰라 || 불러 || 서둘러<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Example Table==<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았/었 + 다]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + 아/어 + 서]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[A/V + 지만]]<br />
|-<br />
| 가르다 <br />
| 가릅니다 || 갈라요 || 갈랐어요 || 가를 거예요 || 가르니까 || 갈라서 || 가르면 || 가르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 고르다 <br />
| 고릅니다 || 골라요 || 골라요 || 고를 거예요 || 고르니까 || 골라서 || 고르면 || 고르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 구르다 <br />
| 구릅니다 || 굴러요 || 굴렀어요 || 구를 거예요 || 구르니까 || 굴러서 || 구르면 || 구르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 기르다 <br />
| 기릅니다 || 길러요 || 길렀어요 || 기를 거예요 || 기르니까 || 길러서 || 기르면 || 기르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 나르다 <br />
| 나릅니다 || 날라요 || 날랐어요 || 나를 거예요 || 나르니까 || 날라서 || 나르면 || 나르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 누르다 <br />
| 누릅니다 || 눌러요 || 눌렀어요 || 누를 거예요 || 누르니까 || 눌러서 || 누르면 || 누르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 다르다 (to be different)<br />
| 다릅니다 || 달라요 || 달랐어요 || 다를 거예요 || 다르니까 || 달라서 || 다르면 || 다르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 두르다<br />
| 두릅니다 || 둘러요 || 둘렀어요 || 두를 거예요 || 두르니까 || 둘러서 || 두르면 || 두르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 마르다 (to be thirsty)<br />
| 마릅니다 || 말라요 || 말랐어요 || 마를 거예요 || 마르니까 || 말라서 || 마르면 || 마르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 모르다 (to not know)<br />
| 모릅니다 || 몰라요 || 몰랐어요 || 모를 거예요 || 모르니까 || 몰라서 || 모르면 || 모르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 바르다 (to apply, put on)<br />
| 바릅니다 || 발라요 || 발랐어요 || 바를 거예요 || 바르니까 || 발라서 || 바르면 || 바르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 부르다 (to call, to be full)<br />
| 부릅니다 || 불러요 || 불렀어요 || 부를 거예요 || 부르니까 || 불러서 || 부르면 || 부르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 빠르다 (to be fast)<br />
| 빠릅니다 || 빨라요 || 빨랐어요 || 빠를 거예요 || 빠르니까 || 빨라서 || 빠르면 || 빠르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 서두르다 <br />
| 서두릅니다 || 서둘러요 || 서둘렀어요 || 서두를 거예요 || 서두르니까 || 서둘러서 || 서두르면 || 서두르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 오르다 <br />
| 오릅니다 || 올라요 || 올랐어요 || 오를 거예요 || 오르니까 || 올라서 || 오르면 || 오르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 이르다 <br />
| 이릅니다 || 일러요 || 일렀어요 || 이를 거예요 || 이르니까 || 일러서 || 이르면 || 이르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 자르다 <br />
| 자릅니다 || 잘라요 || 잘랐어요 || 자를 거예요 || 자르니까 || 잘라서 || 자르면 || 자르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 저지르다<br />
| 저지릅니다 || 저질러요 || 저질렀어요 || 저지를 거예요 || 저지르니까 || 저질러서 || 저지르면 || 저지르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 찌르다 <br />
| 찌릅니다 || 찔러요 || 찔렀어요 || 찌를 거예요 || 찌르니까 || 찔러서 || 찌르면 || 찌르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 흐르다 <br />
| 흐릅니다 || 흘러요 || 흘렀어요 || 흐를 거예요 || 흐르니까 || 흘러서 || 흐르면 || 흐르지만 <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<!--가로지르다 <br />
게으르다?--><br />
<br />
==Exceptions==<br />
This doesn't apply for the verb 따르다<br />
*딸라 {{incorrect}}<br />
*따라 {{correct}}<br />
<br />
==Patterns with 어/아==<br />
Some other patterns that will deal with the 르 irregular form:<br />
*[[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요]]<br />
*[[A/V + 았/었 + 다]]<br />
*[[A/V + 아/어 + 서]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 보다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 주다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 놓다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 두다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 가다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 오다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 있다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 버리다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 + 도]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 + 야]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 + 야 되다]] / [[V + 아/어 + 야 하다]] / [[V + 아/어 + 야지]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 + 도 되다]] / [[V + 아/어 + 도 괜찮다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 봤자]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Irregular verbs|Irregular 르 verbs]]<br />
[[Category:Grammar]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%E3%84%B7_irregular_verbs
ㄷ irregular verbs
2010-11-14T01:49:12Z
<p>Neil: Added to grammar category</p>
<hr />
<div>Many verbs/adjectives with a ㄷ [[받침]] are irregular: the ㄷ changes to ㄹ when followed by a vowel.<br />
<br />
Note that many verbs/adjectives with a ㄷ [[받침]] are regular (the ㄷ does not change). There is no specific rule to know whether one is irregular or not; instead you must memorize which are irregular and which ones aren't.<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
*For irregular ㄷ verbs, no change is made to the [[받침]] if it is followed by a consonant. <br />
:For example: 듣다 → 듣습니다<br />
<br />
*For irregular ㄷ verbs, the ㄷ [[받침]] changes to a ㄹ when followed by a vowel. <br />
:For example: 듣다 → 들어요<br />
<br />
*Steps for conjugating irregular ㄷ verbs which are followed by a vowel:<br />
:1. Replace ㄷ [[받침]] with ㄹ<br />
:2. Follow the same conjugation rules for patterns with a [[받침]].<br />
::For example: 걷다 + [[A/V + (으)니까]] you would use 으 since it has a [[받침]].<br />
:::So 걷다 becomes 걸으니까<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that [[ㄹ irregular verbs]], verbs with a ㄹ [[받침]] are irregular in a different way. (This can be somewhat confusing if you mix them up with ㄷ irregular verbs.)<br />
<br />
==Irregular Verbs==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples for Irregular Verbs<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았 / 었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[V + (으)세요]]<br />
|-<br />
| 걷다 (to walk)<br />
| 걷습니다 || 걸어요 || 걸었어요 || 걸을 거예요 || 걸으니까 || 걸으면 || 걸으세요 <br />
|-<br />
| 깨닫다 (to perceive, to realize)<br />
| 깨닫습니다 || 깨달아요 || 깨달았어요 || 깨달을 거예요 || 깨달으니까 || 깨달으면 || 깨달으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 듣다 (to listen)<br />
| 듣습니다 || 들어요 || 들었어요 || 들을 거예요 || 들으니까 || 들으면 || 들으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 묻다 (to ask)<br />
| 묻습니다 || 물어요 || 물었어요 || 물을 거예요 || 물으니까 || 물으면|| 물으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 싣다 (to load)<br />
| 싣습니다 || 실어요 || 실었어요 || 실을 거예요 || 실으니까 || 실으면 || 실으세요<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Regular Verbs==<br />
These verbs are not affected by the rules of irregular verbs and are conjugated normally.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples for Regular Verbs<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았 / 었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[V + (으)세요]]<br />
|-<br />
| 믿다(to trust, believe)<br />
| 믿습니다 || 믿어요 || 믿었어요 || 믿을 거예요 || 믿으니까 || 믿으면 || 믿으세요 <br />
|-<br />
| 닫다(to close)<br />
| 닫습니다 || 닫아요 || 닫았어요 || 닫을 거예요 || 닫으니까 || 닫으면 || 닫으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 받다(to receive)<br />
| 받습니다 || 받아요 || 받았어요 || 받을 거예요 || 받으니까 || 받으면 || 받으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 얻다(to receive)<br />
| 얻습니다 || 얻어요 || 얻었어요 || 얻을 거예요 || 얻으니까 || 얻으면|| 얻으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 묻다(to bury)<br />
| 묻습니다 || 묻어요 || 묻었어요 || 묻을 거예요 || 묻으니까 || 묻으면 || 묻으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 쏟다(to pour)<br />
| 쏟습니다 || 쏟아요 || 쏟았어요 || 쏟을 거예요 || 쏟으니까 || 쏟으면 || 쏟으세요<br />
|}<br />
<br />
?:<br />
*내닫다(to run away suddenly)<br />
*내리닫다 (run down, leap down)<br />
[[Category:Irregular verbs|Irregular ㄷ verbs]]<br />
[[Category:Grammar]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%E3%84%B9_irregular_verbs
ㄹ irregular verbs
2010-11-14T01:48:26Z
<p>Neil: Added to grammar category</p>
<hr />
<div>All verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㄹ [[받침]] are irregular. <br />
<br />
They conjugate like verbs without [[받침]] stem endings, and the ㄹ disappears if followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ.<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
Many Korean grammar patterns conjugate differently depending on whether the stem ends with or without a [[받침]]. In this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, such as [[A/V + (으)면]] and [[A/V + (으)니까]]. <br />
<br />
However, when ㄹ is the [[받침]], the conjugation follows the same pattern as the stems with no [[받침]].<br />
<br />
For example, the pattern [[A/V + (으)면]] has two rules: if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem. But if ㄹ is the 받침, it does not take (으). It follows the same grammar pattern as the stems with no 받침. E.g. 팔면, 살면.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, whenever the ㄹ [[받침]] is followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, the ㄹ disappears. <br />
<br />
For example 팔다 in the grammar form [[V + (으)세요]] becomes 파세요, ''NOT'' 팔으세요 or 팔세요.<br />
<br />
===Step by Step Example 1===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Grammar: [[A/V + (으)면]]<br />
|-<br />
! !! Pattern !! Case<br />
|-<br />
! Rule 1: || 면 || If there is no [[받침]]<br />
|-<br />
! Rule 2: || 으면 || If there is a [[받침]] <br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Example of the Process for Conjugating [[A/V + (으)면]]<br />
|-<br />
! Step # !! 가다 (to go) !! 먹다 (to eat) !! 알다 (to know)<br />
|-<br />
| Step 1: Does it have a [[받침]] at the end of stem? <br />
| No || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄱ || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄹ (special case)<br />
|-<br />
| Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule <br />
| Use rule 1:<br> A/V + 면 || Use rule 2:<br> A/V + 으면 || It is a ㄹ [[받침]] (irregular) and we treat it like there is no [[받침]], so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 면 <br />
|-<br />
| Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule <br />
| 가면 || 먹으면 || 알면<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Step by Step Example 2===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Grammar: [[A/V + (으)니까]]<br />
|-<br />
! !! Pattern !! Case<br />
|-<br />
! Rule 1: || 니까 || If there is no [[받침]]<br />
|-<br />
! Rule 2: || 으니까 || If there is a [[받침]] <br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Example of the Process for Conjugating [[A/V+(으)니까]]<br />
|-<br />
! Step # !! 가다 (to go) !! 먹다 (to eat) !! 알다 (to know)<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 1: Does it have a [[받침]] at the end of stem?</div> <br />
| No || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄱ || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄹ (special case)<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule</div> <br />
| Use rule 1:<br> A/V + 니까 || Use rule 2:<br> A/V + 으니까 || It is a ㄹ [[받침]] (irregular) and we treat it like there is no [[받침]], so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 니까 <br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule</div> <br />
| 가니까 || 먹으니까 || 알니까<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 4: Fix conflict</div><br />
| No conflict(regular verb) || No conflict(regular verb) || The ㄹ disappears and it becomes 아니까<br> because there was a conflict between the ㄹ [[받침]] and ㄴ in the previous step. <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==More Examples==<br />
Below is a table of various conjugation examples.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았 / 었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[A + 군요]] / [[V + 는군요]] !! [[A/V + 니]] !! [[V + (으)세요]]<br />
|-<br />
| 길다 (to be long)<br />
| 깁니다 || 길어요 || 길었어요 || 길 거예요 || 기니까 || 길면 || 길군요 || 기니 ||<br />
|-<br />
| 놀다 (to play)<br />
| 놉니다 || 놀아요 || 놀았어요 || 놀 거예요 || 노니까 || 놀면 || 노는군요 || 노니 || 노세요<br />
|-<br />
| 들다 (to carry)<br />
| 듭니다 || 들어요 || 들었어요 || 들 거예요 || 드니까 || 들면|| 드는군요 || 드니 || 드세요<br />
|-<br />
| 만들다 (to make)<br />
| 만듭니다 || 만들어요 || 만들었어요 || 만들 거예요 || 만드니까 || 만들면|| 만드는군요 || 만드니 || 만드세요<br />
|-<br />
| 멀다 (to be far)<br />
| 멉니다 || 멀어요 || 멀었어요 || 멀 거예요 || 머니까 || 멀면 || 멀군요 || 머니 ||<br />
|-<br />
| 살다 (to live)<br />
| 삽니다 || 살아요 || 살았어요 || 살 거예요 || 사니까 || 살면 || 사는군요 || 사니 || 사세요<br />
|-<br />
| 알다 (to know)<br />
| 압니다 || 알아요 || 알았어요 || 알 거예요|| 아니까|| 알면 || 아는군요 || 아니 || 아세요<br />
|-<br />
| 열다 (to open, unlock)<br />
| 엽니다 || 열어요 || 열었어요 || 열 거예요|| 여니까|| 열면 || 여는군요 || 여니 || 여세요<br />
|-<br />
| 울다 (to cry)<br />
| 웁니다 || 울어요 || 울었어요 || 울 거예요|| 우니까|| 울면 || 우는군요 || 우니 || 우세요<br />
|-<br />
| 팔다 (to sell)<br />
| 팝니다 || 팔아요 || 팔았어요 || 팔 거예요|| 파니까|| 팔면 || 파는군요 || 파니 ||파세요<br />
|-<br />
| 힘들다 (to difficult, tiring)<br />
| 힘듭니다 || 힘들어요 || 힘들었어요 || 힘들 거예요 || 힘드니까 || 힘들면 || 힘들군요 || 힘드니 ||<br />
|}<br />
[[Category:Irregular verbs|Irregular ㄹ verbs]]<br />
[[Category:Grammar]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%E3%85%82_irregular_verbs
ㅂ irregular verbs
2010-11-14T01:47:46Z
<p>Neil: Added to grammar category.</p>
<hr />
<div>Many verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㅂ [[받침]] are irregular.<br />
<br />
When these irregular stems are followed by a vowel, the ㅂ is dropped and 우 is added to the stem (in a few cases 오).<br />
<br />
Note that many verbs/adjectives with a ㅂ 받침 are regular (the ㅂ does not change). There is no specific rule to know whether it is an irregular verb or not; instead you must memorize which are irregular verbs and which ones aren't.<br />
==Rule Explanation==<br />
<br />
<br />
Cases with 오<br />
돕다,곱다<br />
<br />
==Irregular Verbs==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples for Irregular Verbs<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았/었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + 아/어 + 서]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[A/V + 지만]]<br />
|-<br />
| 가볍다 (to be light)<br />
| 가볍습니다 || 가벼워요 || 가벼웠어요 || 가벼울 거예요 || 가벼우니까 || 가벼워서 || 가벼우면 || 가볍지만<br />
|-<br />
| 고맙다 <br />
| 고맙습니다 || 고마워요 || 고마웠어요 || 고마울 거예요 || 고마우니까 || 고마워서 || 고마우면 || 고맙지만<br />
|-<br />
| 곱다 <br />
| 곱습니다 || 고와요 || 고왔어요 || 고울 거예요 || 고우니까 || 고와서 || 고우면 || 곱지만<br />
|-<br />
| 눕다<br />
| 눕습니다 || 누워요 || 누웠어요 || 누울 거예요 || 누우니까 || 누워서 || 누우면 || 눕지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 굽다 <br />
| 굽습니다 || 구워요 || 구웠어요 || 구울 거예요 || 구우니까 || 구워서 || 구우면 || 굽지만<br />
|-<br />
| 귀엽다 (to be cute)<br />
| 귀엽습니다 || 귀여워요 || 귀여웠어요 || 귀여울 거예요 || 귀여우니까 || 귀여워서 || 귀여우면 || 귀엽지만<br />
|-<br />
| 깁다 (to sew)<br />
| 깁습니다 || 기워요 || 기웠어요 || 기울 거예요 || 기우니까 || 기워서 || 기우면 || 깁지만<br />
|-<br />
| 까다롭다 (to be picky, choosy)<br />
| 까다롭습니다 || 까다로워요 || 까다로웠어요 || 까다로울 거예요 || 까다로우니까 || 까다로워서 || 까다로우면 || 까다롭지만<br />
|-<br />
| 더럽다 (to be dirty)<br />
| 더럽습니다 || 더러워요 || 더러웠어요 || 더러울 거예요 || 더러우니까 || 더러워서 || 더러우면 || 더럽지만<br />
|-<br />
| 덥다 (to be hot)<br />
| 덥습니다 || 더워요 || 더웠어요 || 더울 거예요 || 더우니까 || 더워서 || 더우면 || 덥지만<br />
|-<br />
| 돕다 (to help)<br />
| 돕습니다 || 도와요 || 도왔어요 || 도울 거예요 || 도우니까 || 도와서 || 도우면 || 돕지만<br />
|-<br />
| 두렵다 (to be scared)<br />
| 두렵습니다 || 두려워요 || 두려웠어요 || 두려울 거예요 || 두려우니까 || 두려워서 || 두려우면 || 두렵지만<br />
|-<br />
| 맵다 (to be spicy)<br />
| 맵습니다 || 매워요 || 매웠어요 || 매울 거예요 || 매우니까 || 매워서 || 매우면 || 맵지만<br />
|-<br />
| 무겁다<br />
| 무겁습니다 || 무거워요 || 무거웠어요 || 무거울 거예요 || 무거우니까 || 무거워서 || 무거우면 || 무겁지만<br />
|-<br />
| 밉다 (to hate)<br />
| 밉습니다 || 미워요 || 미웠어요 || 미울 거예요 || 미우니까 || 미워서 || 미우면 || 밉지만<br />
|-<br />
| 반갑다<br />
| 반갑습니다 || 반가워요 || 반가웠어요 || 반가울 거예요 || 반가우니까 || 반가워서 || 반가우면 || 반갑지만<br />
|-<br />
| 부럽다<br />
| 부럽습니다 || 부러워요 || 부러웠어요 || 부러울 거예요 || 부러우니까 || 부러워서 || 부러우면 || 부럽지만<br />
|-<br />
| 아름답다<br />
| 아름답습니다 || 아름다워요 || 아름다웠어요 || 아름다울 거예요 || 아름다우니까 || 아름다워서 || 아름다우면 || 아름답지만<br />
|-<br />
| 어둡다 (to be dark)<br />
| 어둡습니다 || 어두워요 || 어두웠어요 || 어두울 거예요 || 어두우니까 || 어두워서 || 어두우면 || 어둡지만<br />
|-<br />
| 어렵다 (to be difficult)<br />
| 어렵습니다 || 어려워요 || 어려웠어요 || 어려울 거예요 || 어려우니까 || 어려워서 || 어려우면 || 어렵지만<br />
|-<br />
| 줍다<br />
| 줍습니다 || 주워요 || 주웠어요 || 주울 거예요 || 주우니까 || 주워서 || 주우면 || 줍지만<br />
|-<br />
| 즐겁다<br />
| 즐겁습니다 || 즐거워요 || 즐거웠어요 || 즐거울 거예요 || 즐거우니까 || 즐거워서 || 즐거우면 || 즐겁지만<br />
|-<br />
| 춥다 (to be cold)<br />
| 춥습니다 || 추워요 || 추웠어요 || 추울 거예요 || 추우니까 || 추워서 || 추우면 || 춥지만<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Regular Verbs==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples for Regular Verbs<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았/었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + 아/어 + 서]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[A/V + 지만]]<br />
|-<br />
| 곱다 (to be numb from coldness)<br />
| 곱습니다 || 곱아요 || 곱았어요 || 곱을 거예요 || 곱으니까 || 곱아서 || 곱으면 || 곱지만<br />
|-<br />
| 넓다 (to be wide)<br />
| 넓습니다 || 넓어요 || 넓었어요 || 넓을 거예요 || 넓으니까 || 넓어서 || 넓으면 || 넓지만<br />
|-<br />
| 붙잡다 (to grasp, clench)<br />
| 붙잡습니다 || 붙잡아요 || 붙잡았어요 || 붙잡을 거예요 || 붙잡으니까 || 붙잡아서 || 붙잡으면 || 붙잡지만<br />
|-<br />
| 뽑다 (to pull out, extract)<br />
| 뽑습니다 || 뽑아요 || 뽑았어요 || 뽑을 거예요 || 뽑으니까 || 뽑아서 || 뽑으면 || 뽑지만<br />
|-<br />
| 씹다 (to chew)<br />
| 씹습니다 || 씹어요 || 씹었어요 || 씹을 거예요 || 씹으니까 || 씹어서 || 씹으면 || 씹지만<br />
|-<br />
| 업다 (carry someone on one´s back)<br />
| 업습니다 || 업어요 || 업었어요 || 업을 거예요 || 업으니까 || 업어서 || 업으면 || 업지만<br />
|-<br />
| 입다 (to wear (clothes) )<br />
| 입습니다 || 입어요 || 입었어요 || 입을 거예요 || 입으니까 || 입어서 || 입으면 || 입지만<br />
|-<br />
| 잡다 (to catch)<br />
| 잡습니다 || 잡아요 || 잡았어요 || 잡을 거예요 || 잡으니까 || 잡아서 || 잡으면 || 잡지만<br />
|-<br />
| 접다 (to fold)<br />
| 접습니다 || 접어요 || 접었어요 || 접을 거예요 || 접으니까 || 접어서 || 접으면 || 접지만<br />
|-<br />
| 좁다 (to be narrow)<br />
| 좁습니다 || 좁아요 || 좁았어요 || 좁을 거예요 || 좁으니까 || 좁아서 || 좁으면 || 좁지만<br />
|-<br />
| 집다 (to pick up)<br />
| 집습니다 || 집어요 || 집었어요 || 집을 거예요 || 집으니까 || 집어서 || 집으면 || 집지만<br />
|}<br />
[[Category:Irregular verbs|Irregular ㅂ verbs]]<br />
[[Category:Grammar]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%E3%85%85_irregular_verbs
ㅅ irregular verbs
2010-11-14T01:45:05Z
<p>Neil: </p>
<hr />
<div>Some verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㅅ 받침 are irregular.<br />
<br />
When these irregular stems are followed by a vowel, the ㅅ is dropped.<br />
<br />
Note that some verbs/adjectives with a ㅅ 받침 are regular: the ㅅ does not change. There is no specific rule to know whether it is an irregular verb or not; instead you must memorize which are irregular verbs and which ones aren't. <br />
==Rule Explanation==<br />
<br />
This section needs to be completed. <br />
<br />
Some irregular ㅅ verbs are: 낫다, 짓다, 긋다, 잇다.<br />
<br />
Some regular ㅅ verbs (which do not drop the ㅅ 받침) are: 벗다, 웃다, 빗다, 씻다, 빼앗다.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Irregular verbs]]<br />
[[Category:Grammar]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/Category:Irregular_verbs
Category:Irregular verbs
2010-11-14T01:43:11Z
<p>Neil: Made this a subcategory of Grammar, so irregular verbs will be linked up to the universe at last.</p>
<hr />
<div>Irregular Korean verbs and adjectives require changes to the spelling of the verb stem when conjugating with some ending patterns. <br />
<br />
For example, the stem ending [[받침]] may sometimes change (e.g. [[ㄷ irregular verbs]]) or sometimes disappear (e.g. [[ㄹ irregular verbs]]).<br />
<br />
The definition of "irregular" is somewhat arbitrary. For example, vowel contractions are not generally considered irregular even if the stem vowel itself completely disappears (but see [[으 irregular verbs]]).<br />
<br />
[[Category:Grammar]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%E3%84%B7_irregular_verbs
ㄷ irregular verbs
2010-11-14T01:34:17Z
<p>Neil: Minor clarification</p>
<hr />
<div>Many verbs/adjectives with a ㄷ [[받침]] are irregular: the ㄷ changes to ㄹ when followed by a vowel.<br />
<br />
Note that many verbs/adjectives with a ㄷ [[받침]] are regular (the ㄷ does not change). There is no specific rule to know whether one is irregular or not; instead you must memorize which are irregular and which ones aren't.<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
*For irregular ㄷ verbs, no change is made to the [[받침]] if it is followed by a consonant. <br />
:For example: 듣다 → 듣습니다<br />
<br />
*For irregular ㄷ verbs, the ㄷ [[받침]] changes to a ㄹ when followed by a vowel. <br />
:For example: 듣다 → 들어요<br />
<br />
*Steps for conjugating irregular ㄷ verbs which are followed by a vowel:<br />
:1. Replace ㄷ [[받침]] with ㄹ<br />
:2. Follow the same conjugation rules for patterns with a [[받침]].<br />
::For example: 걷다 + [[A/V + (으)니까]] you would use 으 since it has a [[받침]].<br />
:::So 걷다 becomes 걸으니까<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that [[ㄹ irregular verbs]], verbs with a ㄹ [[받침]] are irregular in a different way. (This can be somewhat confusing if you mix them up with ㄷ irregular verbs.)<br />
<br />
==Irregular Verbs==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples for Irregular Verbs<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았 / 었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[V + (으)세요]]<br />
|-<br />
| 걷다 (to walk)<br />
| 걷습니다 || 걸어요 || 걸었어요 || 걸을 거예요 || 걸으니까 || 걸으면 || 걸으세요 <br />
|-<br />
| 깨닫다 (to perceive, to realize)<br />
| 깨닫습니다 || 깨달아요 || 깨달았어요 || 깨달을 거예요 || 깨달으니까 || 깨달으면 || 깨달으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 듣다 (to listen)<br />
| 듣습니다 || 들어요 || 들었어요 || 들을 거예요 || 들으니까 || 들으면 || 들으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 묻다 (to ask)<br />
| 묻습니다 || 물어요 || 물었어요 || 물을 거예요 || 물으니까 || 물으면|| 물으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 싣다 (to load)<br />
| 싣습니다 || 실어요 || 실었어요 || 실을 거예요 || 실으니까 || 실으면 || 실으세요<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Regular Verbs==<br />
These verbs are not affected by the rules of irregular verbs and are conjugated normally.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples for Regular Verbs<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았 / 었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[V + (으)세요]]<br />
|-<br />
| 믿다(to trust, believe)<br />
| 믿습니다 || 믿어요 || 믿었어요 || 믿을 거예요 || 믿으니까 || 믿으면 || 믿으세요 <br />
|-<br />
| 닫다(to close)<br />
| 닫습니다 || 닫아요 || 닫았어요 || 닫을 거예요 || 닫으니까 || 닫으면 || 닫으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 받다(to receive)<br />
| 받습니다 || 받아요 || 받았어요 || 받을 거예요 || 받으니까 || 받으면 || 받으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 얻다(to receive)<br />
| 얻습니다 || 얻어요 || 얻었어요 || 얻을 거예요 || 얻으니까 || 얻으면|| 얻으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 묻다(to bury)<br />
| 묻습니다 || 묻어요 || 묻었어요 || 묻을 거예요 || 묻으니까 || 묻으면 || 묻으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 쏟다(to pour)<br />
| 쏟습니다 || 쏟아요 || 쏟았어요 || 쏟을 거예요 || 쏟으니까 || 쏟으면 || 쏟으세요<br />
|}<br />
<br />
?:<br />
*내닫다(to run away suddenly)<br />
*내리닫다 (run down, leap down)<br />
[[Category:Irregular verbs|Irregular ㄷ verbs]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%E3%85%82_irregular_verbs
ㅂ irregular verbs
2010-11-14T01:31:34Z
<p>Neil: Minor clarification</p>
<hr />
<div>Many verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㅂ [[받침]] are irregular.<br />
<br />
When these irregular stems are followed by a vowel, the ㅂ is dropped and 우 is added to the stem (in a few cases 오).<br />
<br />
Note that many verbs/adjectives with a ㅂ 받침 are regular (the ㅂ does not change). There is no specific rule to know whether it is an irregular verb or not; instead you must memorize which are irregular verbs and which ones aren't.<br />
==Rule Explanation==<br />
<br />
<br />
Cases with 오<br />
돕다,곱다<br />
<br />
==Irregular Verbs==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples for Irregular Verbs<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았/었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + 아/어 + 서]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[A/V + 지만]]<br />
|-<br />
| 가볍다 (to be light)<br />
| 가볍습니다 || 가벼워요 || 가벼웠어요 || 가벼울 거예요 || 가벼우니까 || 가벼워서 || 가벼우면 || 가볍지만<br />
|-<br />
| 고맙다 <br />
| 고맙습니다 || 고마워요 || 고마웠어요 || 고마울 거예요 || 고마우니까 || 고마워서 || 고마우면 || 고맙지만<br />
|-<br />
| 곱다 <br />
| 곱습니다 || 고와요 || 고왔어요 || 고울 거예요 || 고우니까 || 고와서 || 고우면 || 곱지만<br />
|-<br />
| 눕다<br />
| 눕습니다 || 누워요 || 누웠어요 || 누울 거예요 || 누우니까 || 누워서 || 누우면 || 눕지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 굽다 <br />
| 굽습니다 || 구워요 || 구웠어요 || 구울 거예요 || 구우니까 || 구워서 || 구우면 || 굽지만<br />
|-<br />
| 귀엽다 (to be cute)<br />
| 귀엽습니다 || 귀여워요 || 귀여웠어요 || 귀여울 거예요 || 귀여우니까 || 귀여워서 || 귀여우면 || 귀엽지만<br />
|-<br />
| 깁다 (to sew)<br />
| 깁습니다 || 기워요 || 기웠어요 || 기울 거예요 || 기우니까 || 기워서 || 기우면 || 깁지만<br />
|-<br />
| 까다롭다 (to be picky, choosy)<br />
| 까다롭습니다 || 까다로워요 || 까다로웠어요 || 까다로울 거예요 || 까다로우니까 || 까다로워서 || 까다로우면 || 까다롭지만<br />
|-<br />
| 더럽다 (to be dirty)<br />
| 더럽습니다 || 더러워요 || 더러웠어요 || 더러울 거예요 || 더러우니까 || 더러워서 || 더러우면 || 더럽지만<br />
|-<br />
| 덥다 (to be hot)<br />
| 덥습니다 || 더워요 || 더웠어요 || 더울 거예요 || 더우니까 || 더워서 || 더우면 || 덥지만<br />
|-<br />
| 돕다 (to help)<br />
| 돕습니다 || 도와요 || 도왔어요 || 도울 거예요 || 도우니까 || 도와서 || 도우면 || 돕지만<br />
|-<br />
| 두렵다 (to be scared)<br />
| 두렵습니다 || 두려워요 || 두려웠어요 || 두려울 거예요 || 두려우니까 || 두려워서 || 두려우면 || 두렵지만<br />
|-<br />
| 맵다 (to be spicy)<br />
| 맵습니다 || 매워요 || 매웠어요 || 매울 거예요 || 매우니까 || 매워서 || 매우면 || 맵지만<br />
|-<br />
| 무겁다<br />
| 무겁습니다 || 무거워요 || 무거웠어요 || 무거울 거예요 || 무거우니까 || 무거워서 || 무거우면 || 무겁지만<br />
|-<br />
| 밉다 (to hate)<br />
| 밉습니다 || 미워요 || 미웠어요 || 미울 거예요 || 미우니까 || 미워서 || 미우면 || 밉지만<br />
|-<br />
| 반갑다<br />
| 반갑습니다 || 반가워요 || 반가웠어요 || 반가울 거예요 || 반가우니까 || 반가워서 || 반가우면 || 반갑지만<br />
|-<br />
| 부럽다<br />
| 부럽습니다 || 부러워요 || 부러웠어요 || 부러울 거예요 || 부러우니까 || 부러워서 || 부러우면 || 부럽지만<br />
|-<br />
| 아름답다<br />
| 아름답습니다 || 아름다워요 || 아름다웠어요 || 아름다울 거예요 || 아름다우니까 || 아름다워서 || 아름다우면 || 아름답지만<br />
|-<br />
| 어둡다 (to be dark)<br />
| 어둡습니다 || 어두워요 || 어두웠어요 || 어두울 거예요 || 어두우니까 || 어두워서 || 어두우면 || 어둡지만<br />
|-<br />
| 어렵다 (to be difficult)<br />
| 어렵습니다 || 어려워요 || 어려웠어요 || 어려울 거예요 || 어려우니까 || 어려워서 || 어려우면 || 어렵지만<br />
|-<br />
| 줍다<br />
| 줍습니다 || 주워요 || 주웠어요 || 주울 거예요 || 주우니까 || 주워서 || 주우면 || 줍지만<br />
|-<br />
| 즐겁다<br />
| 즐겁습니다 || 즐거워요 || 즐거웠어요 || 즐거울 거예요 || 즐거우니까 || 즐거워서 || 즐거우면 || 즐겁지만<br />
|-<br />
| 춥다 (to be cold)<br />
| 춥습니다 || 추워요 || 추웠어요 || 추울 거예요 || 추우니까 || 추워서 || 추우면 || 춥지만<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Regular Verbs==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples for Regular Verbs<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았/었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + 아/어 + 서]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[A/V + 지만]]<br />
|-<br />
| 곱다 (to be numb from coldness)<br />
| 곱습니다 || 곱아요 || 곱았어요 || 곱을 거예요 || 곱으니까 || 곱아서 || 곱으면 || 곱지만<br />
|-<br />
| 넓다 (to be wide)<br />
| 넓습니다 || 넓어요 || 넓었어요 || 넓을 거예요 || 넓으니까 || 넓어서 || 넓으면 || 넓지만<br />
|-<br />
| 붙잡다 (to grasp, clench)<br />
| 붙잡습니다 || 붙잡아요 || 붙잡았어요 || 붙잡을 거예요 || 붙잡으니까 || 붙잡아서 || 붙잡으면 || 붙잡지만<br />
|-<br />
| 뽑다 (to pull out, extract)<br />
| 뽑습니다 || 뽑아요 || 뽑았어요 || 뽑을 거예요 || 뽑으니까 || 뽑아서 || 뽑으면 || 뽑지만<br />
|-<br />
| 씹다 (to chew)<br />
| 씹습니다 || 씹어요 || 씹었어요 || 씹을 거예요 || 씹으니까 || 씹어서 || 씹으면 || 씹지만<br />
|-<br />
| 업다 (carry someone on one´s back)<br />
| 업습니다 || 업어요 || 업었어요 || 업을 거예요 || 업으니까 || 업어서 || 업으면 || 업지만<br />
|-<br />
| 입다 (to wear (clothes) )<br />
| 입습니다 || 입어요 || 입었어요 || 입을 거예요 || 입으니까 || 입어서 || 입으면 || 입지만<br />
|-<br />
| 잡다 (to catch)<br />
| 잡습니다 || 잡아요 || 잡았어요 || 잡을 거예요 || 잡으니까 || 잡아서 || 잡으면 || 잡지만<br />
|-<br />
| 접다 (to fold)<br />
| 접습니다 || 접어요 || 접었어요 || 접을 거예요 || 접으니까 || 접어서 || 접으면 || 접지만<br />
|-<br />
| 좁다 (to be narrow)<br />
| 좁습니다 || 좁아요 || 좁았어요 || 좁을 거예요 || 좁으니까 || 좁아서 || 좁으면 || 좁지만<br />
|-<br />
| 집다 (to pick up)<br />
| 집습니다 || 집어요 || 집었어요 || 집을 거예요 || 집으니까 || 집어서 || 집으면 || 집지만<br />
|}<br />
[[Category:Irregular verbs|Irregular ㅂ verbs]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%E3%85%85_irregular_verbs
ㅅ irregular verbs
2010-11-14T01:28:11Z
<p>Neil: This was empty, but now I have added a basic summary of the pattern and a (partial) list of irregulars and regulars.</p>
<hr />
<div>Some verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㅅ 받침 are irregular.<br />
<br />
When these irregular stems are followed by a vowel, the ㅅ is dropped.<br />
<br />
Note that some verbs/adjectives with a ㅅ 받침 are regular: the ㅅ does not change. There is no specific rule to know whether it is an irregular verb or not; instead you must memorize which are irregular verbs and which ones aren't. <br />
==Rule Explanation==<br />
<br />
This section needs to be completed. <br />
<br />
Some irregular ㅅ verbs are: 낫다, 짓다, 긋다, 잇다.<br />
<br />
Some regular ㅅ verbs (which do not drop the ㅅ 받침) are: 벗다, 웃다, 빗다, 씻다, 빼앗다.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Irregular verbs]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%E3%85%82_irregular_verbs
ㅂ irregular verbs
2010-11-13T15:04:21Z
<p>Neil: Add a summary of the rule. A more complete step-by-step explanation is needed in the Rule Explanation section.</p>
<hr />
<div>Many verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㅂ [[받침]] are irregular.<br />
<br />
When these irregular verb stems are followed by a vowel, the ㅂ is dropped and 우 is added to the stem (in a few cases 오).<br />
<br />
There are also many verbs with a ㅂ 받침 that are regular (the ㅂ does not change). There is no specific rule to know whether it is an irregular verb or not; instead you must memorize which are irregular verbs and which ones aren't.<br />
==Rule Explanation==<br />
<br />
<br />
Cases with 오<br />
돕다,곱다<br />
<br />
==Irregular Verbs==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples for Irregular Verbs<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았/었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + 아/어 + 서]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[A/V + 지만]]<br />
|-<br />
| 가볍다 (to be light)<br />
| 가볍습니다 || 가벼워요 || 가벼웠어요 || 가벼울 거예요 || 가벼우니까 || 가벼워서 || 가벼우면 || 가볍지만<br />
|-<br />
| 고맙다 <br />
| 고맙습니다 || 고마워요 || 고마웠어요 || 고마울 거예요 || 고마우니까 || 고마워서 || 고마우면 || 고맙지만<br />
|-<br />
| 곱다 <br />
| 곱습니다 || 고와요 || 고왔어요 || 고울 거예요 || 고우니까 || 고와서 || 고우면 || 곱지만<br />
|-<br />
| 눕다<br />
| 눕습니다 || 누워요 || 누웠어요 || 누울 거예요 || 누우니까 || 누워서 || 누우면 || 눕지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 굽다 <br />
| 굽습니다 || 구워요 || 구웠어요 || 구울 거예요 || 구우니까 || 구워서 || 구우면 || 굽지만<br />
|-<br />
| 귀엽다 (to be cute)<br />
| 귀엽습니다 || 귀여워요 || 귀여웠어요 || 귀여울 거예요 || 귀여우니까 || 귀여워서 || 귀여우면 || 귀엽지만<br />
|-<br />
| 깁다 (to sew)<br />
| 깁습니다 || 기워요 || 기웠어요 || 기울 거예요 || 기우니까 || 기워서 || 기우면 || 깁지만<br />
|-<br />
| 까다롭다 (to be picky, choosy)<br />
| 까다롭습니다 || 까다로워요 || 까다로웠어요 || 까다로울 거예요 || 까다로우니까 || 까다로워서 || 까다로우면 || 까다롭지만<br />
|-<br />
| 더럽다 (to be dirty)<br />
| 더럽습니다 || 더러워요 || 더러웠어요 || 더러울 거예요 || 더러우니까 || 더러워서 || 더러우면 || 더럽지만<br />
|-<br />
| 덥다 (to be hot)<br />
| 덥습니다 || 더워요 || 더웠어요 || 더울 거예요 || 더우니까 || 더워서 || 더우면 || 덥지만<br />
|-<br />
| 돕다 (to help)<br />
| 돕습니다 || 도와요 || 도왔어요 || 도울 거예요 || 도우니까 || 도와서 || 도우면 || 돕지만<br />
|-<br />
| 두렵다 (to be scared)<br />
| 두렵습니다 || 두려워요 || 두려웠어요 || 두려울 거예요 || 두려우니까 || 두려워서 || 두려우면 || 두렵지만<br />
|-<br />
| 맵다 (to be spicy)<br />
| 맵습니다 || 매워요 || 매웠어요 || 매울 거예요 || 매우니까 || 매워서 || 매우면 || 맵지만<br />
|-<br />
| 무겁다<br />
| 무겁습니다 || 무거워요 || 무거웠어요 || 무거울 거예요 || 무거우니까 || 무거워서 || 무거우면 || 무겁지만<br />
|-<br />
| 밉다 (to hate)<br />
| 밉습니다 || 미워요 || 미웠어요 || 미울 거예요 || 미우니까 || 미워서 || 미우면 || 밉지만<br />
|-<br />
| 반갑다<br />
| 반갑습니다 || 반가워요 || 반가웠어요 || 반가울 거예요 || 반가우니까 || 반가워서 || 반가우면 || 반갑지만<br />
|-<br />
| 부럽다<br />
| 부럽습니다 || 부러워요 || 부러웠어요 || 부러울 거예요 || 부러우니까 || 부러워서 || 부러우면 || 부럽지만<br />
|-<br />
| 아름답다<br />
| 아름답습니다 || 아름다워요 || 아름다웠어요 || 아름다울 거예요 || 아름다우니까 || 아름다워서 || 아름다우면 || 아름답지만<br />
|-<br />
| 어둡다 (to be dark)<br />
| 어둡습니다 || 어두워요 || 어두웠어요 || 어두울 거예요 || 어두우니까 || 어두워서 || 어두우면 || 어둡지만<br />
|-<br />
| 어렵다 (to be difficult)<br />
| 어렵습니다 || 어려워요 || 어려웠어요 || 어려울 거예요 || 어려우니까 || 어려워서 || 어려우면 || 어렵지만<br />
|-<br />
| 줍다<br />
| 줍습니다 || 주워요 || 주웠어요 || 주울 거예요 || 주우니까 || 주워서 || 주우면 || 줍지만<br />
|-<br />
| 즐겁다<br />
| 즐겁습니다 || 즐거워요 || 즐거웠어요 || 즐거울 거예요 || 즐거우니까 || 즐거워서 || 즐거우면 || 즐겁지만<br />
|-<br />
| 춥다 (to be cold)<br />
| 춥습니다 || 추워요 || 추웠어요 || 추울 거예요 || 추우니까 || 추워서 || 추우면 || 춥지만<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Regular Verbs==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples for Regular Verbs<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았/었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + 아/어 + 서]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[A/V + 지만]]<br />
|-<br />
| 곱다 (to be numb from coldness)<br />
| 곱습니다 || 곱아요 || 곱았어요 || 곱을 거예요 || 곱으니까 || 곱아서 || 곱으면 || 곱지만<br />
|-<br />
| 넓다 (to be wide)<br />
| 넓습니다 || 넓어요 || 넓었어요 || 넓을 거예요 || 넓으니까 || 넓어서 || 넓으면 || 넓지만<br />
|-<br />
| 붙잡다 (to grasp, clench)<br />
| 붙잡습니다 || 붙잡아요 || 붙잡았어요 || 붙잡을 거예요 || 붙잡으니까 || 붙잡아서 || 붙잡으면 || 붙잡지만<br />
|-<br />
| 뽑다 (to pull out, extract)<br />
| 뽑습니다 || 뽑아요 || 뽑았어요 || 뽑을 거예요 || 뽑으니까 || 뽑아서 || 뽑으면 || 뽑지만<br />
|-<br />
| 씹다 (to chew)<br />
| 씹습니다 || 씹어요 || 씹었어요 || 씹을 거예요 || 씹으니까 || 씹어서 || 씹으면 || 씹지만<br />
|-<br />
| 업다 (carry someone on one´s back)<br />
| 업습니다 || 업어요 || 업었어요 || 업을 거예요 || 업으니까 || 업어서 || 업으면 || 업지만<br />
|-<br />
| 입다 (to wear (clothes) )<br />
| 입습니다 || 입어요 || 입었어요 || 입을 거예요 || 입으니까 || 입어서 || 입으면 || 입지만<br />
|-<br />
| 잡다 (to catch)<br />
| 잡습니다 || 잡아요 || 잡았어요 || 잡을 거예요 || 잡으니까 || 잡아서 || 잡으면 || 잡지만<br />
|-<br />
| 접다 (to fold)<br />
| 접습니다 || 접어요 || 접었어요 || 접을 거예요 || 접으니까 || 접어서 || 접으면 || 접지만<br />
|-<br />
| 좁다 (to be narrow)<br />
| 좁습니다 || 좁아요 || 좁았어요 || 좁을 거예요 || 좁으니까 || 좁아서 || 좁으면 || 좁지만<br />
|-<br />
| 집다 (to pick up)<br />
| 집습니다 || 집어요 || 집었어요 || 집을 거예요 || 집으니까 || 집어서 || 집으면 || 집지만<br />
|}<br />
[[Category:Irregular verbs|Irregular ㅂ verbs]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%EB%A5%B4_irregular_verbs
르 irregular verbs
2010-11-13T14:32:40Z
<p>Neil: Make sure summary mentions 아/어 stem matching rule.</p>
<hr />
<div>Verbs and adjectives with the last syllable 르 have a special form when conjugated with all [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]] patterns. <br />
<br />
The choice of 아/어 follows the syllable before the final 르. The ㄹ is doubled and the ㅡ is dropped. E.g. 부르다 becomes 불러, and 다르다 becomes 달라.<br />
<br />
All verbs/adjectives ending in 르 follow this rule except one (따르다).<br />
<br />
==Rule Explanation==<br />
<br />
===Verb/Adj Stem with 오 / 아===<br />
If a verb or adjective has a 르 as the last syllable in the [[stem]], and will conjugate with 아, i.e. [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]], and the previous syllable contains an 오 or an 아, then 르 + 아 becomes 라 and a ㄹ is added to the [[받침]] of the previous syllable.<br />
<br />
===All other Verb/Adj Stems===<br />
If a verb or adjective has a 르 as the last syllable in the [[stem]], and will conjugate with 어, i.e. [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]], and the previous syllable contains does not have an 오 or an 아, then 르 + 어 becomes 러 and a ㄹ is added to the [[받침]] of the previous syllable.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Step by Step Example===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+An Example of the Process for Conjugating an Irregular 르 Verb/Adj<br />
|-<br />
! Step # !! 빠르다 (to be quick) + ([[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]]) !! 모르다 (to not know) + ([[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]]) !! 부르다 (to call, to be full) + ([[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]]) !! 서두르다 (to hurry up) + ([[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]])<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 1: Is the last syllable of the stem 르?</div> <br />
| Yes || Yes || Yes || Yes<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 2: Does the syllable before the 르 contain an 오 or an 아?</div><br />
| Yes, contains 아:<br>So add 라 || Yes contains 오:<br>So add 라 || No:<br> So add 러 || No:<br> So add 러<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 3: Add ㄹ to the [[받침]] of the preceding syllable</div> <br />
| 빨라 || 몰라 || 불러 || 서둘러<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Example Table==<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았/었 + 다]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + 아/어 + 서]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[A/V + 지만]]<br />
|-<br />
| 가르다 <br />
| 가릅니다 || 갈라요 || 갈랐어요 || 가를 거예요 || 가르니까 || 갈라서 || 가르면 || 가르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 고르다 <br />
| 고릅니다 || 골라요 || 골라요 || 고를 거예요 || 고르니까 || 골라서 || 고르면 || 고르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 구르다 <br />
| 구릅니다 || 굴러요 || 굴렀어요 || 구를 거예요 || 구르니까 || 굴러서 || 구르면 || 구르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 기르다 <br />
| 기릅니다 || 길러요 || 길렀어요 || 기를 거예요 || 기르니까 || 길러서 || 기르면 || 기르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 나르다 <br />
| 나릅니다 || 날라요 || 날랐어요 || 나를 거예요 || 나르니까 || 날라서 || 나르면 || 나르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 누르다 <br />
| 누릅니다 || 눌러요 || 눌렀어요 || 누를 거예요 || 누르니까 || 눌러서 || 누르면 || 누르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 다르다 (to be different)<br />
| 다릅니다 || 달라요 || 달랐어요 || 다를 거예요 || 다르니까 || 달라서 || 다르면 || 다르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 두르다<br />
| 두릅니다 || 둘러요 || 둘렀어요 || 두를 거예요 || 두르니까 || 둘러서 || 두르면 || 두르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 마르다 (to be thirsty)<br />
| 마릅니다 || 말라요 || 말랐어요 || 마를 거예요 || 마르니까 || 말라서 || 마르면 || 마르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 모르다 (to not know)<br />
| 모릅니다 || 몰라요 || 몰랐어요 || 모를 거예요 || 모르니까 || 몰라서 || 모르면 || 모르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 바르다 (to apply, put on)<br />
| 바릅니다 || 발라요 || 발랐어요 || 바를 거예요 || 바르니까 || 발라서 || 바르면 || 바르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 부르다 (to call, to be full)<br />
| 부릅니다 || 불러요 || 불렀어요 || 부를 거예요 || 부르니까 || 불러서 || 부르면 || 부르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 빠르다 (to be fast)<br />
| 빠릅니다 || 빨라요 || 빨랐어요 || 빠를 거예요 || 빠르니까 || 빨라서 || 빠르면 || 빠르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 서두르다 <br />
| 서두릅니다 || 서둘러요 || 서둘렀어요 || 서두를 거예요 || 서두르니까 || 서둘러서 || 서두르면 || 서두르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 오르다 <br />
| 오릅니다 || 올라요 || 올랐어요 || 오를 거예요 || 오르니까 || 올라서 || 오르면 || 오르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 이르다 <br />
| 이릅니다 || 일러요 || 일렀어요 || 이를 거예요 || 이르니까 || 일러서 || 이르면 || 이르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 자르다 <br />
| 자릅니다 || 잘라요 || 잘랐어요 || 자를 거예요 || 자르니까 || 잘라서 || 자르면 || 자르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 저지르다<br />
| 저지릅니다 || 저질러요 || 저질렀어요 || 저지를 거예요 || 저지르니까 || 저질러서 || 저지르면 || 저지르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 찌르다 <br />
| 찌릅니다 || 찔러요 || 찔렀어요 || 찌를 거예요 || 찌르니까 || 찔러서 || 찌르면 || 찌르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 흐르다 <br />
| 흐릅니다 || 흘러요 || 흘렀어요 || 흐를 거예요 || 흐르니까 || 흘러서 || 흐르면 || 흐르지만 <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<!--가로지르다 <br />
게으르다?--><br />
<br />
==Exceptions==<br />
This doesn't apply for the verb 따르다<br />
*딸라 {{incorrect}}<br />
*따라 {{correct}}<br />
<br />
==Patterns with 어/아==<br />
Some other patterns that will deal with the 르 irregular form:<br />
*[[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요]]<br />
*[[A/V + 았/었 + 다]]<br />
*[[A/V + 아/어 + 서]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 보다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 주다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 놓다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 두다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 가다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 오다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 있다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 버리다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 + 도]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 + 야]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 + 야 되다]] / [[V + 아/어 + 야 하다]] / [[V + 아/어 + 야지]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 + 도 되다]] / [[V + 아/어 + 도 괜찮다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 봤자]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Irregular verbs|Irregular 르 verbs]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/Category:Irregular_verbs
Category:Irregular verbs
2010-11-13T13:32:09Z
<p>Neil: Added explanation of this category - hopefully it will not show up as red anymore?</p>
<hr />
<div>Irregular Korean verbs and adjectives require changes to the spelling of the verb stem when conjugating with some ending patterns. <br />
<br />
For example, the stem ending [[받침]] may sometimes change (e.g. [[ㄷ irregular verbs]]) or sometimes disappear (e.g. [[ㄹ irregular verbs]]).<br />
<br />
The definition of "irregular" is somewhat arbitrary. For example, vowel contractions are not generally considered irregular even if the stem vowel itself completely disappears (but see [[으 irregular verbs]]).</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%EB%A5%B4_irregular_verbs
르 irregular verbs
2010-11-13T02:33:12Z
<p>Neil: Made the opening clearer, and summarize the rule.</p>
<hr />
<div>Verbs and adjectives with the last syllable 르 have a special form when conjugated with all [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]] patterns. The ㄹ is doubled and the ㅡ is dropped. E.g. 부르다 becomes 불러, and 다르다 becomes 달라.<br />
<br />
All verbs/adjectives ending in 르 follow this rule except one (따르다).<br />
<br />
==Rule Explanation==<br />
<br />
===Verb/Adj Stem with 오 / 아===<br />
If a verb or adjective has a 르 as the last syllable in the [[stem]], and will conjugate with 아, i.e. [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]], and the previous syllable contains an 오 or an 아, then 르 + 아 becomes 라 and a ㄹ is added to the [[받침]] of the previous syllable.<br />
<br />
===All other Verb/Adj Stems===<br />
If a verb or adjective has a 르 as the last syllable in the [[stem]], and will conjugate with 어, i.e. [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]], and the previous syllable contains does not have an 오 or an 아, then 르 + 어 becomes 러 and a ㄹ is added to the [[받침]] of the previous syllable.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Step by Step Example===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+An Example of the Process for Conjugating an Irregular 르 Verb/Adj<br />
|-<br />
! Step # !! 빠르다 (to be quick) + ([[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]]) !! 모르다 (to not know) + ([[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]]) !! 부르다 (to call, to be full) + ([[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]]) !! 서두르다 (to hurry up) + ([[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여]])<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 1: Is the last syllable of the stem 르?</div> <br />
| Yes || Yes || Yes || Yes<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 2: Does the syllable before the 르 contain an 오 or an 아?</div><br />
| Yes, contains 아:<br>So add 라 || Yes contains 오:<br>So add 라 || No:<br> So add 러 || No:<br> So add 러<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 3: Add ㄹ to the [[받침]] of the preceding syllable</div> <br />
| 빨라 || 몰라 || 불러 || 서둘러<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Example Table==<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았/었 + 다]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + 아/어 + 서]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[A/V + 지만]]<br />
|-<br />
| 가르다 <br />
| 가릅니다 || 갈라요 || 갈랐어요 || 가를 거예요 || 가르니까 || 갈라서 || 가르면 || 가르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 고르다 <br />
| 고릅니다 || 골라요 || 골라요 || 고를 거예요 || 고르니까 || 골라서 || 고르면 || 고르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 구르다 <br />
| 구릅니다 || 굴러요 || 굴렀어요 || 구를 거예요 || 구르니까 || 굴러서 || 구르면 || 구르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 기르다 <br />
| 기릅니다 || 길러요 || 길렀어요 || 기를 거예요 || 기르니까 || 길러서 || 기르면 || 기르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 나르다 <br />
| 나릅니다 || 날라요 || 날랐어요 || 나를 거예요 || 나르니까 || 날라서 || 나르면 || 나르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 누르다 <br />
| 누릅니다 || 눌러요 || 눌렀어요 || 누를 거예요 || 누르니까 || 눌러서 || 누르면 || 누르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 다르다 (to be different)<br />
| 다릅니다 || 달라요 || 달랐어요 || 다를 거예요 || 다르니까 || 달라서 || 다르면 || 다르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 두르다<br />
| 두릅니다 || 둘러요 || 둘렀어요 || 두를 거예요 || 두르니까 || 둘러서 || 두르면 || 두르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 마르다 (to be thirsty)<br />
| 마릅니다 || 말라요 || 말랐어요 || 마를 거예요 || 마르니까 || 말라서 || 마르면 || 마르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 모르다 (to not know)<br />
| 모릅니다 || 몰라요 || 몰랐어요 || 모를 거예요 || 모르니까 || 몰라서 || 모르면 || 모르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 바르다 (to apply, put on)<br />
| 바릅니다 || 발라요 || 발랐어요 || 바를 거예요 || 바르니까 || 발라서 || 바르면 || 바르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 부르다 (to call, to be full)<br />
| 부릅니다 || 불러요 || 불렀어요 || 부를 거예요 || 부르니까 || 불러서 || 부르면 || 부르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 빠르다 (to be fast)<br />
| 빠릅니다 || 빨라요 || 빨랐어요 || 빠를 거예요 || 빠르니까 || 빨라서 || 빠르면 || 빠르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 서두르다 <br />
| 서두릅니다 || 서둘러요 || 서둘렀어요 || 서두를 거예요 || 서두르니까 || 서둘러서 || 서두르면 || 서두르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 오르다 <br />
| 오릅니다 || 올라요 || 올랐어요 || 오를 거예요 || 오르니까 || 올라서 || 오르면 || 오르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 이르다 <br />
| 이릅니다 || 일러요 || 일렀어요 || 이를 거예요 || 이르니까 || 일러서 || 이르면 || 이르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 자르다 <br />
| 자릅니다 || 잘라요 || 잘랐어요 || 자를 거예요 || 자르니까 || 잘라서 || 자르면 || 자르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 저지르다<br />
| 저지릅니다 || 저질러요 || 저질렀어요 || 저지를 거예요 || 저지르니까 || 저질러서 || 저지르면 || 저지르지만<br />
|-<br />
| 찌르다 <br />
| 찌릅니다 || 찔러요 || 찔렀어요 || 찌를 거예요 || 찌르니까 || 찔러서 || 찌르면 || 찌르지만 <br />
|-<br />
| 흐르다 <br />
| 흐릅니다 || 흘러요 || 흘렀어요 || 흐를 거예요 || 흐르니까 || 흘러서 || 흐르면 || 흐르지만 <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<!--가로지르다 <br />
게으르다?--><br />
<br />
==Exceptions==<br />
This doesn't apply for the verb 따르다<br />
*딸라 {{incorrect}}<br />
*따라 {{correct}}<br />
<br />
==Patterns with 어/아==<br />
Some other patterns that will deal with the 르 irregular form:<br />
*[[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요]]<br />
*[[A/V + 았/었 + 다]]<br />
*[[A/V + 아/어 + 서]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 보다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 주다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 놓다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 두다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 가다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 오다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 있다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 버리다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 + 도]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 + 야]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 + 야 되다]] / [[V + 아/어 + 야 하다]] / [[V + 아/어 + 야지]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 + 도 되다]] / [[V + 아/어 + 도 괜찮다]]<br />
*[[V + 아/어 봤자]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Irregular verbs|Irregular 르 verbs]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%E3%84%B9_irregular_verbs
ㄹ irregular verbs
2010-11-13T02:18:06Z
<p>Neil: One more change to make it clearer.</p>
<hr />
<div>All verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㄹ [[받침]] are irregular. <br />
<br />
They conjugate like verbs without [[받침]] stem endings, and the ㄹ disappears if followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ.<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
Many Korean grammar patterns conjugate differently depending on whether the stem ends with or without a [[받침]]. In this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, such as [[A/V + (으)면]] and [[A/V + (으)니까]]. <br />
<br />
However, when ㄹ is the [[받침]], the conjugation follows the same pattern as the stems with no [[받침]].<br />
<br />
For example, the pattern [[A/V + (으)면]] has two rules: if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem. But if ㄹ is the 받침, it does not take (으). It follows the same grammar pattern as the stems with no 받침. E.g. 팔면, 살면.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, whenever the ㄹ [[받침]] is followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, the ㄹ disappears. <br />
<br />
For example 팔다 in the grammar form [[V + (으)세요]] becomes 파세요, ''NOT'' 팔으세요 or 팔세요.<br />
<br />
===Step by Step Example 1===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Grammar: [[A/V + (으)면]]<br />
|-<br />
! !! Pattern !! Case<br />
|-<br />
! Rule 1: || 면 || If there is no [[받침]]<br />
|-<br />
! Rule 2: || 으면 || If there is a [[받침]] <br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Example of the Process for Conjugating [[A/V + (으)면]]<br />
|-<br />
! Step # !! 가다 (to go) !! 먹다 (to eat) !! 알다 (to know)<br />
|-<br />
| Step 1: Does it have a [[받침]] at the end of stem? <br />
| No || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄱ || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄹ (special case)<br />
|-<br />
| Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule <br />
| Use rule 1:<br> A/V + 면 || Use rule 2:<br> A/V + 으면 || It is a ㄹ [[받침]] (irregular) and we treat it like there is no [[받침]], so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 면 <br />
|-<br />
| Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule <br />
| 가면 || 먹으면 || 알면<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Step by Step Example 2===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Grammar: [[A/V + (으)니까]]<br />
|-<br />
! !! Pattern !! Case<br />
|-<br />
! Rule 1: || 니까 || If there is no [[받침]]<br />
|-<br />
! Rule 2: || 으니까 || If there is a [[받침]] <br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Example of the Process for Conjugating [[A/V+(으)니까]]<br />
|-<br />
! Step # !! 가다 (to go) !! 먹다 (to eat) !! 알다 (to know)<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 1: Does it have a [[받침]] at the end of stem?</div> <br />
| No || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄱ || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄹ (special case)<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule</div> <br />
| Use rule 1:<br> A/V + 니까 || Use rule 2:<br> A/V + 으니까 || It is a ㄹ [[받침]] (irregular) and we treat it like there is no [[받침]], so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 니까 <br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule</div> <br />
| 가니까 || 먹으니까 || 알니까<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 4: Fix conflict</div><br />
| No conflict(regular verb) || No conflict(regular verb) || The ㄹ disappears and it becomes 아니까<br> because there was a conflict between the ㄹ [[받침]] and ㄴ in the previous step. <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==More Examples==<br />
Below is a table of various conjugation examples.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았 / 었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[A + 군요]] / [[V + 는군요]] !! [[A/V + 니]] !! [[V + (으)세요]]<br />
|-<br />
| 길다 (to be long)<br />
| 깁니다 || 길어요 || 길었어요 || 길 거예요 || 기니까 || 길면 || 길군요 || 기니 ||<br />
|-<br />
| 놀다 (to play)<br />
| 놉니다 || 놀아요 || 놀았어요 || 놀 거예요 || 노니까 || 놀면 || 노는군요 || 노니 || 노세요<br />
|-<br />
| 들다 (to carry)<br />
| 듭니다 || 들어요 || 들었어요 || 들 거예요 || 드니까 || 들면|| 드는군요 || 드니 || 드세요<br />
|-<br />
| 만들다 (to make)<br />
| 만듭니다 || 만들어요 || 만들었어요 || 만들 거예요 || 만드니까 || 만들면|| 만드는군요 || 만드니 || 만드세요<br />
|-<br />
| 멀다 (to be far)<br />
| 멉니다 || 멀어요 || 멀었어요 || 멀 거예요 || 머니까 || 멀면 || 멀군요 || 머니 ||<br />
|-<br />
| 살다 (to live)<br />
| 삽니다 || 살아요 || 살았어요 || 살 거예요 || 사니까 || 살면 || 사는군요 || 사니 || 사세요<br />
|-<br />
| 알다 (to know)<br />
| 압니다 || 알아요 || 알았어요 || 알 거예요|| 아니까|| 알면 || 아는군요 || 아니 || 아세요<br />
|-<br />
| 열다 (to open, unlock)<br />
| 엽니다 || 열어요 || 열었어요 || 열 거예요|| 여니까|| 열면 || 여는군요 || 여니 || 여세요<br />
|-<br />
| 울다 (to cry)<br />
| 웁니다 || 울어요 || 울었어요 || 울 거예요|| 우니까|| 울면 || 우는군요 || 우니 || 우세요<br />
|-<br />
| 팔다 (to sell)<br />
| 팝니다 || 팔아요 || 팔았어요 || 팔 거예요|| 파니까|| 팔면 || 파는군요 || 파니 ||파세요<br />
|-<br />
| 힘들다 (to difficult, tiring)<br />
| 힘듭니다 || 힘들어요 || 힘들었어요 || 힘들 거예요 || 힘드니까 || 힘들면 || 힘들군요 || 힘드니 ||<br />
|}<br />
[[Category:Irregular verbs|Irregular ㄹ verbs]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%E3%84%B9_irregular_verbs
ㄹ irregular verbs
2010-11-13T02:16:10Z
<p>Neil: Clarified the opening so it summarizes the pattern more clearly. Also clarified the explanation section.</p>
<hr />
<div>All verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㄹ [[받침]] are irregular. <br />
<br />
They conjugate like verbs without [[받침]] stem endings, and the ㄹ disappears if followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ.<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
Many Korean grammar patterns conjugate differently depending on whether the stem ends with or without a [[받침]]. In this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, such as [[A/V + (으)면]] and [[A/V + (으)니까]]. <br />
<br />
However, when the [[받침]] is ㄹ, the conjugation follows the same pattern as the stems with no [[받침]].<br />
<br />
For example, the pattern [[A/V + (으)면]] has two rules: if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem. But if ㄹ is the 받침, it does not take (으). It follows the same grammar pattern as the stems with no 받침. E.g. 팔면, 살면.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, whenever the ㄹ [[받침]] is followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, the ㄹ disappears. <br />
<br />
For example 팔다 in the grammar form [[V + (으)세요]] becomes 파세요, ''NOT'' 팔으세요 or 팔세요.<br />
<br />
===Step by Step Example 1===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Grammar: [[A/V + (으)면]]<br />
|-<br />
! !! Pattern !! Case<br />
|-<br />
! Rule 1: || 면 || If there is no [[받침]]<br />
|-<br />
! Rule 2: || 으면 || If there is a [[받침]] <br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Example of the Process for Conjugating [[A/V + (으)면]]<br />
|-<br />
! Step # !! 가다 (to go) !! 먹다 (to eat) !! 알다 (to know)<br />
|-<br />
| Step 1: Does it have a [[받침]] at the end of stem? <br />
| No || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄱ || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄹ (special case)<br />
|-<br />
| Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule <br />
| Use rule 1:<br> A/V + 면 || Use rule 2:<br> A/V + 으면 || It is a ㄹ [[받침]] (irregular) and we treat it like there is no [[받침]], so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 면 <br />
|-<br />
| Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule <br />
| 가면 || 먹으면 || 알면<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Step by Step Example 2===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Grammar: [[A/V + (으)니까]]<br />
|-<br />
! !! Pattern !! Case<br />
|-<br />
! Rule 1: || 니까 || If there is no [[받침]]<br />
|-<br />
! Rule 2: || 으니까 || If there is a [[받침]] <br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Example of the Process for Conjugating [[A/V+(으)니까]]<br />
|-<br />
! Step # !! 가다 (to go) !! 먹다 (to eat) !! 알다 (to know)<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 1: Does it have a [[받침]] at the end of stem?</div> <br />
| No || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄱ || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄹ (special case)<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule</div> <br />
| Use rule 1:<br> A/V + 니까 || Use rule 2:<br> A/V + 으니까 || It is a ㄹ [[받침]] (irregular) and we treat it like there is no [[받침]], so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 니까 <br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule</div> <br />
| 가니까 || 먹으니까 || 알니까<br />
|-<br />
| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 4: Fix conflict</div><br />
| No conflict(regular verb) || No conflict(regular verb) || The ㄹ disappears and it becomes 아니까<br> because there was a conflict between the ㄹ [[받침]] and ㄴ in the previous step. <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==More Examples==<br />
Below is a table of various conjugation examples.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았 / 었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[A + 군요]] / [[V + 는군요]] !! [[A/V + 니]] !! [[V + (으)세요]]<br />
|-<br />
| 길다 (to be long)<br />
| 깁니다 || 길어요 || 길었어요 || 길 거예요 || 기니까 || 길면 || 길군요 || 기니 ||<br />
|-<br />
| 놀다 (to play)<br />
| 놉니다 || 놀아요 || 놀았어요 || 놀 거예요 || 노니까 || 놀면 || 노는군요 || 노니 || 노세요<br />
|-<br />
| 들다 (to carry)<br />
| 듭니다 || 들어요 || 들었어요 || 들 거예요 || 드니까 || 들면|| 드는군요 || 드니 || 드세요<br />
|-<br />
| 만들다 (to make)<br />
| 만듭니다 || 만들어요 || 만들었어요 || 만들 거예요 || 만드니까 || 만들면|| 만드는군요 || 만드니 || 만드세요<br />
|-<br />
| 멀다 (to be far)<br />
| 멉니다 || 멀어요 || 멀었어요 || 멀 거예요 || 머니까 || 멀면 || 멀군요 || 머니 ||<br />
|-<br />
| 살다 (to live)<br />
| 삽니다 || 살아요 || 살았어요 || 살 거예요 || 사니까 || 살면 || 사는군요 || 사니 || 사세요<br />
|-<br />
| 알다 (to know)<br />
| 압니다 || 알아요 || 알았어요 || 알 거예요|| 아니까|| 알면 || 아는군요 || 아니 || 아세요<br />
|-<br />
| 열다 (to open, unlock)<br />
| 엽니다 || 열어요 || 열었어요 || 열 거예요|| 여니까|| 열면 || 여는군요 || 여니 || 여세요<br />
|-<br />
| 울다 (to cry)<br />
| 웁니다 || 울어요 || 울었어요 || 울 거예요|| 우니까|| 울면 || 우는군요 || 우니 || 우세요<br />
|-<br />
| 팔다 (to sell)<br />
| 팝니다 || 팔아요 || 팔았어요 || 팔 거예요|| 파니까|| 팔면 || 파는군요 || 파니 ||파세요<br />
|-<br />
| 힘들다 (to difficult, tiring)<br />
| 힘듭니다 || 힘들어요 || 힘들었어요 || 힘들 거예요 || 힘드니까 || 힘들면 || 힘들군요 || 힘드니 ||<br />
|}<br />
[[Category:Irregular verbs|Irregular ㄹ verbs]]</div>
Neil
http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%E3%84%B7_irregular_verbs
ㄷ irregular verbs
2010-11-13T01:55:02Z
<p>Neil: Provided a clearer summary at the beginning, added the suggested note about somewhat similar ㄹ irregular verbs.</p>
<hr />
<div>Many verbs with a ㄷ [[받침]] are irregular: the ㄷ changes to ㄹ when followed by a vowel.<br />
<br />
There are verbs with a ㄷ [[받침]] that are both irregular and regular (the ㄷ does not change). There is no specific rule to know whether it is an irregular verb or not; instead you must memorize which are irregular verbs and which ones aren't.<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
*For irregular ㄷ verbs, no change is made to the [[받침]] if it is followed by a consonant. <br />
:For example: 듣다 → 듣습니다<br />
<br />
*For irregular ㄷ verbs, the ㄷ [[받침]] changes to a ㄹ when followed by a vowel. <br />
:For example: 듣다 → 들어요<br />
<br />
*Steps for conjugating irregular ㄷ verbs which are followed by a vowel:<br />
:1. Replace ㄷ [[받침]] with ㄹ<br />
:2. Follow the same conjugation rules for patterns with a [[받침]].<br />
::For example: 걷다 + [[A/V + (으)니까]] you would use 으 since it has a [[받침]].<br />
:::So 걷다 becomes 걸으니까<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that [[ㄹ irregular verbs]], verbs with a ㄹ [[받침]] are irregular in a different way. (This can be somewhat confusing if you mix them up with ㄷ irregular verbs.)<br />
<br />
==Irregular Verbs==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples for Irregular Verbs<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았 / 었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[V + (으)세요]]<br />
|-<br />
| 걷다 (to walk)<br />
| 걷습니다 || 걸어요 || 걸었어요 || 걸을 거예요 || 걸으니까 || 걸으면 || 걸으세요 <br />
|-<br />
| 깨닫다 (to perceive, to realize)<br />
| 깨닫습니다 || 깨달아요 || 깨달았어요 || 깨달을 거예요 || 깨달으니까 || 깨달으면 || 깨달으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 듣다 (to listen)<br />
| 듣습니다 || 들어요 || 들었어요 || 들을 거예요 || 들으니까 || 들으면 || 들으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 묻다 (to ask)<br />
| 묻습니다 || 물어요 || 물었어요 || 물을 거예요 || 물으니까 || 물으면|| 물으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 싣다 (to load)<br />
| 싣습니다 || 실어요 || 실었어요 || 실을 거예요 || 실으니까 || 실으면 || 실으세요<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Regular Verbs==<br />
These verbs are not affected by the rules of irregular verbs and are conjugated normally.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Conjugation Examples for Regular Verbs<br />
|-<br />
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았 / 었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]] <br />
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[V + (으)세요]]<br />
|-<br />
| 믿다(to trust, believe)<br />
| 믿습니다 || 믿어요 || 믿었어요 || 믿을 거예요 || 믿으니까 || 믿으면 || 믿으세요 <br />
|-<br />
| 닫다(to close)<br />
| 닫습니다 || 닫아요 || 닫았어요 || 닫을 거예요 || 닫으니까 || 닫으면 || 닫으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 받다(to receive)<br />
| 받습니다 || 받아요 || 받았어요 || 받을 거예요 || 받으니까 || 받으면 || 받으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 얻다(to receive)<br />
| 얻습니다 || 얻어요 || 얻었어요 || 얻을 거예요 || 얻으니까 || 얻으면|| 얻으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 묻다(to bury)<br />
| 묻습니다 || 묻어요 || 묻었어요 || 묻을 거예요 || 묻으니까 || 묻으면 || 묻으세요<br />
|-<br />
| 쏟다(to pour)<br />
| 쏟습니다 || 쏟아요 || 쏟았어요 || 쏟을 거예요 || 쏟으니까 || 쏟으면 || 쏟으세요<br />
|}<br />
<br />
?:<br />
*내닫다(to run away suddenly)<br />
*내리닫다 (run down, leap down)<br />
[[Category:Irregular verbs|Irregular ㄷ verbs]]</div>
Neil