Difference between revisions of "ㄱ"

From Korean Wiki Project
Jump to: navigation, search
m
 
(35 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
{{Infobox
+
__NOTITLE__
−
|name    = ㄱ
+
{{HangeulTop}}
−
|title  = ㄱ
+
{{Hangeulbox
−
|image  = [[Image:ㄱ.jpg|200px]]
+
|letter    = ㄱ
−
|caption = 기역
+
|lettername = 기역
−
|headerstyle  = background:#ccf;
+
|type = Consonant
−
|labelstyle  = background:#ddf;
+
|subtype = Simple
−
|header1 = Basic Information
+
|classification1 = Velar
−
|label1  = Lesson
+
|classification2 = Stop
−
|data1   = [[Hangeul step 2]]
+
|ipa   = /k/
−
|label2  = Related
+
|sounds = /k-/, /-ɡ-/, /-k̚/
−
|data2  = [[ㄲ]], [[ㅋ]]
+
|capable sounds = [[ㅋ]], [[ㄲ]], [[ㅇ]]
−
|label3  = IPA
+
|related  = [[ㄲ]], [[ㅋ]], [[ㄺ]], [[ㄳ]]
−
|data3  = /k/
+
|badchim change = Yes
−
|belowstyle = background:#ddf;
+
|revised = g, k
−
|below = [[ㄱ]] [[ㄲ]] [[ㄴ]] [[ㄷ]] [[ㄸ]] [[ㄹ]] [[ㅁ]] [[ㅂ]] [[ㅃ]]<br>
+
|mcr = g, k
−
[[ㅅ]] [[ㅆ]] [[ㅇ]] [[ㅈ]] [[ㅉ]] [[ㅊ]] [[ㅋ]] [[ㅌ]] [[ㅍ]] [[ㅎ]]<br>
+
|yale = k
−
[[ㅏ]] [[ㅐ]] [[ㅑ]] [[ㅒ]] [[ㅓ]] [[ㅔ]] [[ㅕ]] [[ㅖ]] [[ㅗ]]<br>
+
|skats = L
−
[[ㅘ]] [[ㅙ]] [[ㅚ]] [[ㅛ]] [[ㅜ]] [[ㅝ]] [[ㅞ]] [[ㅟ]] [[ㅠ]] [[ㅡ]] [[ㅢ]] [[ㅣ]]
+
|dprk = k
 +
|kontsevich = К-, -г-, -к  / K, -g-, -k
 +
|step = 2
 
}}
 
}}
 +
 
==Basic==
 
==Basic==
−
===Sound===
+
'''Beginners should start in the [[Learn hangeul|learning Hangeul section →]]'''
−
*All examples showing the basic sound of a ㄱ by itself
+
  
−
===Simple Words===
+
ㄱ (기역) is a side view of the back of the tongue raised toward the velum (soft palate).
−
*All basic word examples with a ㄱ with no sound changes
+
  
−
==Advanced==
+
The description of this character originally found in the [[훈민정음]] (the first text explaining 한글) was 其役 [기역].
 +
==Pronunciation==
 +
===Start===
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|+Sounds when found at the beginning of a word
 +
! Basic !! Examples
 +
|-
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = ㄱ
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA/Brooklyn%20Underground%20FM.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes = Pronounced by a boy.
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
{{Example
 +
|hangeul = ㄱ
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA/Head%20Radio%20FM.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes = Pronounced by a girl.
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = 가
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA/It's%20Unleashed%20FM.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
{{Example
 +
|hangeul = 거
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA/N-CT%20FM.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
{{Example
 +
|hangeul = 고
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA/Radio%20'76%20FM.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
{{Example
 +
|hangeul = 구
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA/The%20Fergus%20Buckner%20Show%20FM.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
{{Example
 +
|hangeul = 그
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA/The%20Fix%20FM.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
{{Example
 +
|hangeul = 기
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-III/CHAT.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}{{Example
 +
|hangeul = 개
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-III/CLASS.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}{{Example
 +
|hangeul = 게
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-III/FLASH.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
|}
 +
===Middle===
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|+Sounds when found at the middle of a word
 +
! Basic !! Examples
 +
|-
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = ㄱ
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-III/GAME.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes = Pronounced by a boy.
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
{{Example
 +
|hangeul = ㄱ
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-III/HEAD.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes = Pronounced by a girl.
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = 니가
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-III/KJAH.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
|}
 +
===End===
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|+Sounds when found at the end of a word
 +
! Basic !! Examples
 +
|-
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = ㄱ
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-III/LIPS.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition = 
 +
|notes = Pronounced by a boy.
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
{{Example
 +
|hangeul = ㄱ
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-III/MSX.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition = 
 +
|notes = Pronounced by a girl.
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = 각
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-III/RISE.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
|}
 +
==Sound Changes==
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|+
 +
! Pattern !! Examples
 +
|-
 +
| [[ㄱ + ㅇ]] → ㄱ
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = 한국어
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-IV/Electro-Choc.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =한구거
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
|-
 +
| [[ㄺ + ㅇ]] → ㄹ + ㄱ / Otherwise ㄺ → ㄱ
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = 읽다
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-IV/GTA%20IV%20Radio%20Commercials.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation = 익다
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}{{Example
 +
|hangeul = 읽은 책
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-IV/Integrity%202.0.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =일근 책
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
|-
 +
| [[ㄳ + ㅇ]] → ㄱ + ㅅ / Otherwise ㄳ → ㄱ
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = 넋
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-IV/Jazz%20Nation%20Radio%20108.5.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation = 넉
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}{{Example
 +
|hangeul = 넋이 나가다
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-IV/K109%20The%20Studio.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation = 넉시 나가다
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
|-
 +
| [[ㄱ + ㄴ]] → ㅇ + ㄴ
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = 국내
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-IV/Liberty%20City%20Hardcore.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation = 궁내
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
|-
 +
| [[ㄱ + ㅁ]] → ㅇ + ㅁ
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = 국민
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-IV/Liberty%20Rock%20Radio.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation = 궁민
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
|-
 +
| [[ㄱ + ㄹ]] → ㅇ + ㄴ
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = 독립
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-IV/Massive%20B%20Soundsystem%2096.9.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation = 동닙
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
|-
 +
| [[ㄱ + ㅎ]] → ㅋ
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = 국화
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-IV/Public%20Liberty%20Radio.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation = 구콰
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|notes =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
|-
 +
| [[ㅎ + ㄱ]] → [[ㅋ]]
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| [[ㄱ + ㄱ]] → ㄱ + ㄲ
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = 국가
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-IV/Radio%20Broker.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation = 국까
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
|-
 +
| [[ㄷ + ㄱ]] → ㄷ + ㄲ
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = 받기
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-IV/RamJam%20FM.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation = 받끼
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
|-
 +
| [[ㅌ + ㄱ]] → ㅌ + ㄲ
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| [[ㅂ + ㄱ]] → ㅂ + ㄲ
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| [[ㅍ + ㄱ]] → ㅍ + ㄲ
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = 덮개
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-IV/San%20Juan%20Sounds.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation = 덥깨
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
|-
 +
| [[ㅅ + ㄱ]] → ㅅ + ㄲ
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| [[ㅈ + ㄱ]] → ㅈ + ㄲ
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| [[ㅊ + ㄱ]] → ㅊ + ㄲ
 +
| {{Example
 +
|hangeul = 꽃가루
 +
|audioplayer = <flashmp3>http://two66.com/mirrors/GTA-Radio-Stations/GTA-IV/Self-Actualization%20FM.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
 +
|pronunciation =꼳까루
 +
|hanja =
 +
|definition =
 +
|videoplayer =
 +
}}
 +
|}
  
−
===Sound Changes===
+
==See Also==
−
*ㄱ + [[ㅇ]] → ㄱ
+
*[[wiktionary:ㄱ|ㄱ on Wiktionary]]
−
*[[ㄺ]] + [[ㅇ]] → [[ㄹ]] + ㄱ
+
−
**Otherwise [[ㄺ]] → ㄱ
+
−
*[[ㄳ]] + [[ㅇ]] → ㄱ + [[ㅅ]]
+
−
**Otherwise [[ㄳ]] → ㄱ
+
−
*ㄱ + [[ㄴ]] → [[ㅇ]] + [[ㄴ]]
+
−
*ㄱ + [[ㅁ]] → [[ㅇ]] + [[ㅁ]]
+
−
*ㄱ + [[ㄹ]] → [[ㅇ]] + [[ㄴ]]
+
−
*ㄱ + [[ㅎ]] → [[ㅋ]]
+
  
−
===Advanced Words and Segments===
 
−
*All other word examples with a ㄱ with sound changes
 
−
*ㄱ + [[ㅇ]] → ㄱ
 
−
**한국어 → [한구거]
 
−
**낙엽
 
−
**녹음
 
−
**독일
 
−
**목요일
 
−
**백악관 
 
−
**석유
 
−
**악어
 
−
**적응하다
 
−
**죽음
 
−
**직업
 
−
**책임 
 
−
**학원
 
−
*ㄱ + [[ㄴ]] → [[ㅇ]] + [[ㄴ]]
 
−
**국내
 
−
**저녁노을
 
−
**득남
 
−
**득녀
 
−
**막내
 
−
**벽난로
 
−
**속눈썹
 
−
**작년
 
−
**학년
 
−
*ㄱ + [[ㅁ]] → [[ㅇ]] + [[ㅁ]]
 
−
**각막
 
−
**곡물
 
−
**국민
 
−
**목마르다
 
−
**박물관
 
−
**북미
 
−
**식물
 
−
**색맹
 
−
**악마
 
−
**악몽
 
−
**욕망
 
−
*ㄱ + [[ㄹ]] → [[ㅇ]] + [[ㄴ]]
 
−
**격려
 
−
**격리
 
−
**국립
 
−
**독립
 
−
**석류
 
−
**식량
 
−
**폭력
 
−
*ㄱ + [[ㅎ]] → [[ㅋ]]
 
−
**국화
 
−
**국회
 
−
**낙하산
 
−
**넉넉하다
 
−
**눅눅하다
 
−
**녹화
 
−
**독학
 
−
**막막하다
 
−
**박하사탕
 
−
**북한
 
−
**백합 
 
−
**복학하다           
 
−
**식혜
 
−
**약하다
 
−
**역할   
 
−
**욕하다
 
−
**익히다         
 
−
**착하다
 
−
**폭행
 
−
*[[ㄺ]] + [[ㅇ]] → [[ㄹ]] + ㄱ
 
−
**Otherwise [[ㄺ]] → ㄱ
 
−
***흙
 
−
***닭
 
−
***닭고기
 
−
*[[ㄳ]] + [[ㅇ]] → ㄱ + [[ㅅ]]
 
−
**Otherwise [[ㄳ]] → ㄱ
 
−
***넋
 
−
***넋두리 
 
 
[[Category:Letters]]
 
[[Category:Letters]]

Latest revision as of 06:59, 12 December 2019
Help · Cheat Sheet · Community portal

Register/Login

ㄱ
ㄱ
ㄱ
ㄱ

기역

Basic
Type Consonant
Subtype Simple
Related ㄲ, ㅋ, ㄺ, ㄳ
Classification 1 Velar
Classification 2 Stop
Sounds
IPA /k/
Basic sounds /k-/, /-ɡ-/, /-k̚/
Capable sounds ㅋ, ㄲ, ㅇ
받침 Sound Change? Yes
Romanization
Revised g, k
McCune-Reischauer g, k
Yale k
SKATS L
DPRK k
Kontsevich К-, -г-, -к / K, -g-, -k
Sign Language
KSL ㄱ.jpg
Hangeul
Learn hangeul Step 2
ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ

ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
ㅏ ㅐ ㅑ ㅒ ㅓ ㅔ ㅕ ㅖ ㅗ
ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅛ ㅜ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅠ ㅡ ㅢ ㅣ
Archaic and obsolete letters


Basic

Beginners should start in the learning Hangeul section →

ㄱ (기역) is a side view of the back of the tongue raised toward the velum (soft palate).

The description of this character originally found in the 훈민정음 (the first text explaining 한글) was 其役 [기역].

Pronunciation

Start

Sounds when found at the beginning of a word
Basic Examples
ㄱ

Pronounced by a boy.
ㄱ

Pronounced by a girl.
가
거
고
구
그
기
개
게

Middle

Sounds when found at the middle of a word
Basic Examples
ㄱ

Pronounced by a boy.
ㄱ

Pronounced by a girl.
니가

End

Sounds when found at the end of a word
Basic Examples
ㄱ

Pronounced by a boy.
ㄱ

Pronounced by a girl.
각

Sound Changes

Pattern Examples
ㄱ + ㅇ → ㄱ
한국어
 [한구거]
ㄺ + ㅇ → ㄹ + ㄱ / Otherwise ㄺ → ㄱ
읽다
 [익다]
읽은 책
 [일근 책]
ㄳ + ㅇ → ㄱ + ㅅ / Otherwise ㄳ → ㄱ
넋
 [넉]
넋이 나가다
 [넉시 나가다]
ㄱ + ㄴ → ㅇ + ㄴ
국내
 [궁내]
ㄱ + ㅁ → ㅇ + ㅁ
국민
 [궁민]
ㄱ + ㄹ → ㅇ + ㄴ
독립
 [동닙]
ㄱ + ㅎ → ㅋ
국화
 [구콰]
ㅎ + ㄱ → ㅋ
ㄱ + ㄱ → ㄱ + ㄲ
국가
 [국까]
ㄷ + ㄱ → ㄷ + ㄲ
받기
 [받끼]
ㅌ + ㄱ → ㅌ + ㄲ
ㅂ + ㄱ → ㅂ + ㄲ
ㅍ + ㄱ → ㅍ + ㄲ
덮개
 [덥깨]
ㅅ + ㄱ → ㅅ + ㄲ
ㅈ + ㄱ → ㅈ + ㄲ
ㅊ + ㄱ → ㅊ + ㄲ
꽃가루
 [꼳까루]

See Also

Retrieved from "http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=ㄱ&oldid=31978"