Difference between revisions of "아/어/여 + 요"

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The A/V + 아/어/여 form is probably the most important form to learn in Korean and is probably the most frequently used grammar pattern since it can be used as informal polite or just informal friendly style amongst friends and people of equal or lower status by dropping the 요 at the end. Also many other grammar patterns depend on the basic conjugation rules of this pattern to form other grammar patters.
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The '''A/V + 아/어/여''' form is probably the most important form to learn in Korean and is probably the most frequently used grammar pattern since it can be used as informal polite and informal friendly style amongst friends and people of equal or lower status (by dropping the 요 at the end). Also many other grammar patterns depend on the basic conjugation rules of this pattern to form other grammar patters, see [[:Category:아/어/여 form]] for other patterns.
  
 
==Conjugation Rule==
 
==Conjugation Rule==
<!--why is it verbs like 내다 don't get a 어 attached to it, like it's not 내어요 , but then 쉬다 is 쉬어 right?
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There are three types of basic conjugation rules, the first two depend on whether or not a 오 or verb appear in the last syllable of the adj/verb stem. The last rule is simply used for 하다 verbs.
 
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- 내 has attached to it.  But one of the contraction rules is 애+아→애, so it stays the same; however 위+어 do not contract, so it's 쉬어.[[User:Jjukumi|Jjukumi]] 07:57, 21 May 2009 (UTC)-->
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===Verb/Adj Stem + 아===
 
===Verb/Adj Stem + 아===
If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowels or , then 아 is added. If it is a stem with no [[받침]] like 가다, then an extra 아 isn't added. Note this rule does not apply for 하다 verbs, see the section below for 하다 verbs.
+
*If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowels or , then 아 is added. If it is a stem with no [[받침]] like 가다, then an extra 아 isn't added.  
Also Stems that end in 오 are often contracted to 와 (오+아 = 와), especially in colloquial speech.  
+
*Please note '''this rule does not apply for 하다 verbs''', see the [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요#여 Verbs/Adjectives (하다)|section below]] for 하다 adj/verbs.
<br>
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*Stems that end in 오 are often contracted to 와 (오 + 아 = 와), especially in colloquial speech.  
Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs.
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*Irregular verbs do exist, see the [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요#Irregular Forms|irregular verbs section]] below for more details.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Examples for Verb Stem +
+
|+Examples for Verb Stem +
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]]
 
! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]]
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===Verb/Adj Stem + 어===
 
===Verb/Adj Stem + 어===
If the last syllable of the stem contains any vowel other than 오, 아, and is not a 하다 verb then it becomes an 어. Note that verb stems with 이 turn into a 여(see next section), it is due to a contraction of 이 + 어 = 여.  
+
*If the last syllable of the stem contains any vowel other than 오, 아, and is not a 하다 verb then it becomes an 어. Note that verb stems with 이 turn into a 여(see next section), it is due to a contraction of 이 + 어 = 여.  
<br><br>
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*If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowel 이 and there's no [[받침]], i.e. 시키다, then it becomes a 여 (시켜). The 여 is a result of the contraction between 이 + 어. The contracted form is almost always used in spoken and written Korean. Also note a seperate table of examples has been created below for the adj/verb stems which end in 이.
If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowel 이 and there's no 받침, i.e. 시키다, then it becomes a 여 (시켜). The 여 is a result of the contraction between 이 + 어. The contracted form is almost always used in spoken and written Korean. Also Note A seperate table of examples has been created below.
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*Irregular verbs do exist, see the [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요#Irregular Forms|irregular verbs section]] below for more details.
<br><br>
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Stems with 으 in them get the 으 removed and the vowel changes to a , i.e. 쓰다 becomes 써. Note that 르 verbs/adjectives have an irregular form. See the irregular verbs section.
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+
 
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*anything with v+어 +어 verbs? otherwise remove after conjucation
+
  
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Examples for Verb Stem +
+
|+Examples for Verb Stem +
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]]
 
! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]]
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| 힘들 || 힘들어 || N/A || 힘들어(요) || 힘들었어(요)
 
| 힘들 || 힘들어 || N/A || 힘들어(요) || 힘들었어(요)
 
|}
 
|}
 
 
  
  
  
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Examples for Verb Stem ending with + 어
+
|+Examples for Verb Stem ending with + 어
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form(이 + 어 = 여) !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]]
 
! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form(이 + 어 = 여) !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]]
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|}
 
|}
  
<!--피다(어? or not) --> found examples using 피어 .. any rule to usage?
 
그리다-->
 
  
 
===여 Verbs/Adjectives (하다)===
 
===여 Verbs/Adjectives (하다)===
Any verb or adjective that ends in 하다 falls under this category. The 하 becomes 해 due to a contraction with 하 and 여. The contracted form is mostly used, especially in colloquial speech. However, 하여 is used occasionally, mostly in very formal situations.
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*Any verb or adjective that ends in 하다 falls under this category.  
 +
*The 하 becomes 해 due to a contraction with 하 and 여.  
 +
*The contracted form is used most of the time, especially in colloquial speech. However, 하여 is used mostly in very formal situations.
  
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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|}
 
|}
  
==Irregular Verbs and Adjectives==
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==Irregular Forms==
 
*[[ㄷ irregular verbs]]
 
*[[ㄷ irregular verbs]]
 
*[[ㄹ irregular verbs]]
 
*[[ㄹ irregular verbs]]
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*[[으 irregular verbs]]
 
*[[으 irregular verbs]]
 
*[[ㅎ irregular verbs]]  
 
*[[ㅎ irregular verbs]]  
 +
 
<!--ㅅ- pg 365
 
<!--ㅅ- pg 365
 
으- pg 443
 
으- pg 443
 
ㅎ- pg 343-->
 
ㅎ- pg 343-->
  
==Usage Exceptions==
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==Sentence Examples==
*People saying 맞어 and 아퍼
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*tba
 +
 
 +
==Exceptions==
 +
*Many people say 맞어 instead of 맞아 and 아퍼 instead of 아파.
  
 
==Grammar Patterns Which Also use 아/어/여 Conjugation==
 
==Grammar Patterns Which Also use 아/어/여 Conjugation==
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*[[A/V + 아/어 주다]]
 +
*[[V + 아/어 + 야 되다]]
 +
*[[V + 아/어 + 야 하다]]
 +
*[[V + 아/어 + 야 지]]
 
*[[A/V + 았/었 + 다]]
 
*[[A/V + 았/었 + 다]]
 +
*[[A/V + 아/어 + 서]]
 
*[[A/V + 아/어 + 도 되다]]
 
*[[A/V + 아/어 + 도 되다]]
 
*[[A/V + 아/어 + 도 괸찮다]]
 
*[[A/V + 아/어 + 도 괸찮다]]
 
*[[V + 아/어 버리다]]
 
*[[V + 아/어 버리다]]
  
 
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See [[:Category:아/어/여 form]] for more patterns.
  
 
==See Also==
 
==See Also==
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[[Category:SNU Level 1 Grammar|ㅇ]]
 
[[Category:SNU Level 1 Grammar|ㅇ]]
 
[[Category:Final endings|ㅇ]]
 
[[Category:Final endings|ㅇ]]
 +
[[Category:아/어/여 form|ㅇ]]

Revision as of 02:18, 10 June 2009

The A/V + 아/어/여 form is probably the most important form to learn in Korean and is probably the most frequently used grammar pattern since it can be used as informal polite and informal friendly style amongst friends and people of equal or lower status (by dropping the 요 at the end). Also many other grammar patterns depend on the basic conjugation rules of this pattern to form other grammar patters, see Category:아/어/여 form for other patterns.

Conjugation Rule

There are three types of basic conjugation rules, the first two depend on whether or not a 오 or 아 verb appear in the last syllable of the adj/verb stem. The last rule is simply used for 하다 verbs.

Verb/Adj Stem + 아

  • If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowels ㅗ or ㅏ, then 아 is added. If it is a stem with no 받침 like 가다, then an extra 아 isn't added.
  • Please note this rule does not apply for 하다 verbs, see the section below for 하다 adj/verbs.
  • Stems that end in 오 are often contracted to 와 (오 + 아 = 와), especially in colloquial speech.
  • Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs section below for more details.
Examples for Verb Stem + ㅏ
Verb/Adjective Stem After Conjugation Contracted Form Present Tense Past Tense
가다 (to go) 가아 가(요) 갔어(요)
괜찮다 (to be fine, ok) 괜찮 괜찮아 N/A 괜찮아(요) 괜찮았어(요)
놀다 (to play) 놀아 N/A 놀아(요) 놀았어(요)
맞다 (to be right, correct) 맞아 N/A 맞아(요) 맞았어(요)
보다 (to see) 보아 봐(요) / 보아(요 봤어(요) / 보았어(요)
사다 사아 사(요) 샀어(요)
오다 (to come) 오아 와(요) / 오아(요) 왔어(요) / 오았어(요)
좋다 (to like) 좋아 N/A 좋아(요) 좋았어(요)

Verb/Adj Stem + 어

  • If the last syllable of the stem contains any vowel other than 오, 아, and is not a 하다 verb then it becomes an 어. Note that verb stems with 이 turn into a 여(see next section), it is due to a contraction of 이 + 어 = 여.
  • If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowel 이 and there's no 받침, i.e. 시키다, then it becomes a 여 (시켜). The 여 is a result of the contraction between 이 + 어. The contracted form is almost always used in spoken and written Korean. Also note a seperate table of examples has been created below for the adj/verb stems which end in 이.
  • Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs section below for more details.
Examples for Verb Stem + ㅓ
Verb/Adjective Stem After Conjugation Contracted Form Present Tense Past Tense
먹다 (to eat) 먹어 N/A 먹어(요) 먹었(요)
신다 (to put on shoes/socks) 신어 N/A 신어(요) 신었어(요)
쓰다 (to write) 쓰어 써(요) 썼어(요)
울다 (to cry) 울어 N/A 울어(요) 울었어(요)
읽다 (to read) 읽어 N/A 읽어(요) 읽었어(요)
재미있다 (to be fun, interesting) 재미있 재미있어 N/A 재미있어(요) 재미있었어(요)
주다 (to give) 주어 줘요 / 주어(요) 줬어(요) / 주었어(요)
크다 (to be big) 크어 커(요) 컸어(요)
필요없다 (to need) 필요없 필요없어 N/A 필요없어(요) 필요없었어(요)
힘들다 (to be difficult, tiring) 힘들 힘들어 N/A 힘들어(요) 힘들었어(요)


Examples for Verb Stem ending with ㅣ + 어
Verb/Adjective Stem After Conjugation Contracted Form(이 + 어 = 여) Present Tense Past Tense
내리다 (to descend) 내리 내리어 내려 내려(요) 내렸어(요)
놀리다 (to tease, make fun of) 놀리 놀리어 놀려 놀려(요) 놀렸어(요)
떨어지다(to fall) 떨어지 떨어지어 떨어져 떨어져(요) 떨어졌어(요)
먹이다 (to feed) 먹이 먹이어 먹여 먹여(요) 먹였어(요)
보이다 (to be seen, visible) 보이 보이어 보여 보여(요) 보였어(요)
붙이다 (to attach, stick) 붙이 붙이어 붙여 붙여(요) 붙였어(요)
빠지다 (to drown) 빠지 빠지어 빠져 빠져(요) 빠졌어(요)
사라지다 (to disappear) 사라지 사라지어 사라져 사라져(요) 사라졌어(요)
시키다 (to order) 시키 시키어 시켜 시켜(요) 시켰어(요)
웃기다 (to make a person laugh) 웃기 웃기어 웃겨 웃겨(요) 웃겨어(요)


여 Verbs/Adjectives (하다)

  • Any verb or adjective that ends in 하다 falls under this category.
  • The 하 becomes 해 due to a contraction with 하 and 여.
  • The contracted form is used most of the time, especially in colloquial speech. However, 하여 is used mostly in very formal situations.
Examples for 하다 Verbs
Verb/Adjective Stem After Conjugation Contracted Form Present Tense Past Tense
건강하다 (to be healthy) 건강하 건강하여 건강해 건강해(요) 건강했어(요)
공부하다 (to study) 공부하 공부하여 공부해 공부해(요) 공부했어(요)
궁금하다 (to be curious) 궁금하 궁금하여 궁금해 궁금해(요) 궁금했어(요)
설명하다 (to explain) 설명하 설명하여 설명해 설명해(요) 설명했어(요)
연락하다 (to contact someone) 연락하 연락하여 연락해 연락해(요) 연락했어(요)
연습하다 (to practice) 연습하 연습하여 연습해 연습해(요) 연습했어(요)
예약하다 (to make a reservation) 예약하 예약하여 예약해 예약해(요) 예약했어(요)
좋아하다 (to like) 좋아하 좋아하여 좋아해 좋아해(요) 좋아했어(요)
필요하다 (to need) 필요하 필요하여 필요해 필요해(요) 필요했어(요)
행복하다 (to be happy) 행복하 행복하여 행복해 행복해(요) 행복했어(요)

Irregular Forms


Sentence Examples

  • tba

Exceptions

  • Many people say 맞어 instead of 맞아 and 아퍼 instead of 아파.

Grammar Patterns Which Also use 아/어/여 Conjugation

See Category:아/어/여 form for more patterns.

See Also