Difference between revisions of "Causative form"

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(Finished the first list. Please note that it is more appropriate to say 닦이다 is the passive form of the verb 닦다, not the causative.)
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A causative form, in linguistics, (a) is an expression of an agent causing or forcing a patient to perform an action or to be in a certain condition--salient cause, (b) is an expression of a patient involves in a non-volitional event that registers the changes of its state--salient effect, (c) is an expression of a grammatical modality in perfective (sequential) or subjenctive (hypothetical) or realis (non-hypothetical) state--perceptual salient. In Korean, this form is called 사동.
 
A causative form, in linguistics, (a) is an expression of an agent causing or forcing a patient to perform an action or to be in a certain condition--salient cause, (b) is an expression of a patient involves in a non-volitional event that registers the changes of its state--salient effect, (c) is an expression of a grammatical modality in perfective (sequential) or subjenctive (hypothetical) or realis (non-hypothetical) state--perceptual salient. In Korean, this form is called 사동.
  
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See [[Passive form]] for the conjugation rule of the causative form.
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==Forming causatives ==
 
==Forming causatives ==
 
Explaining the form with subject marker, object marker, etc.
 
Explaining the form with subject marker, object marker, etc.
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|-
 
|-
 
| 먹다 (to eat)
 
| 먹다 (to eat)
| 먹이다 (to feed)
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| 먹이다 (to make/let someone eat , to feed)
 
|  
 
|  
 
Active- 나는 김치를 먹는다.(I eat Kimchi)
 
Active- 나는 김치를 먹는다.(I eat Kimchi)
  
Causative- 나는 강아지에게 물을 먹인다.(I made my dog to drink water)
+
Causative- 나는 강아지에게 물을 먹인다.(I make my dog drink water)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 죽다 (to die)
 
| 죽다 (to die)
| 죽이다 (to kill)
+
| 죽이다 (to make/let someone die , to kill)
 
|  
 
|  
 
Active- 지진 때문에 많은 사람이 죽었다. (Many people died from the earthquake.)
 
Active- 지진 때문에 많은 사람이 죽었다. (Many people died from the earthquake.)
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|-
 
|-
 
| 붙다 (to stick to)
 
| 붙다 (to stick to)
| 붙이다 (to stick)
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| 붙이다 (to make/let something stick to)
 
|  
 
|  
 +
Active- 나는 벽에 붙는다. (I stick to the wall.)
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 +
Causative- 나는 사진을 벽에 붙인다. (I make a picture stick to the wall.)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 끓다 (to boil)
 
| 끓다 (to boil)
| 끓이다 (to make something boil)
+
| 끓이다 (to make/let something boil)
 
|  
 
|  
 
Active- 물은 100℃ 이상에서 끓는다. (Water boils in the temperature of 100℃ and over.)
 
Active- 물은 100℃ 이상에서 끓는다. (Water boils in the temperature of 100℃ and over.)
  
Causative- 나는 김치찌개를 끓였다. (I boiled the Kimchi-jjigae.)
+
Causative- 나는 김치찌개를 끓인다. (I make the Kimchi-jjigae boil. / I boil the Kimchi-jjigae.)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 보다 (to see, to look, to watch)
 
| 보다 (to see, to look, to watch)
| 보이다 (to show)
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| 보이다 (to make/let someone see , to show)
 
|  
 
|  
 
Active- 나는 영화를 보았다. (I saw a movie.)
 
Active- 나는 영화를 보았다. (I saw a movie.)
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|-
 
|-
 
| 속다 (to be fooled, to be deceived)
 
| 속다 (to be fooled, to be deceived)
| 속이다 (to trick, to deceive, to lie)
+
| 속이다 (to make/let someone be fooled)
 
|  
 
|  
 
Active- 또다시 일기예보에게 속았다. (I am fooled by the weather forecast again.)
 
Active- 또다시 일기예보에게 속았다. (I am fooled by the weather forecast again.)
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| 놀다
 
| 놀다
 
| 놀리다
 
| 놀리다
|
 
|-
 
| 걷다
 
| 걸리다
 
 
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|  
 
|}
 
|}
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|}
 
|}
  
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 75%;"
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|-
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|+구 Causative verb
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! Active verb !! Causative verb !! Examples
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|-
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| 돋다
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| 돋구다
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|
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|-
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| 일다
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| 일구다
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|
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|-
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| 달다
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| 달구다
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|
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|-
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| 솟다
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| 솟구다
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|
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|}
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 75%;"
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|-
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|+추 Causative verb
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! Active verb !! Causative verb !! Examples
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|-
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| 낮다
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| 낮추다
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|
 +
|-
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| 늦다
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| 늦추다
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|
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|-
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| 맞다
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| 맞추다
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|
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|-
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| 곧다
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| 곧추다
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|
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|}
  
 
==Creating causative form==
 
==Creating causative form==

Revision as of 09:13, 9 March 2020

Construction.png


A causative form, in linguistics, (a) is an expression of an agent causing or forcing a patient to perform an action or to be in a certain condition--salient cause, (b) is an expression of a patient involves in a non-volitional event that registers the changes of its state--salient effect, (c) is an expression of a grammatical modality in perfective (sequential) or subjenctive (hypothetical) or realis (non-hypothetical) state--perceptual salient. In Korean, this form is called 사동.

See Passive form for the conjugation rule of the causative form.

Forming causatives

Explaining the form with subject marker, object marker, etc.

이 Causative verb
Active verb Causative verb Examples
먹다 (to eat) 먹이다 (to make/let someone eat , to feed)

Active- 나는 김치를 먹는다.(I eat Kimchi)

Causative- 나는 강아지에게 물을 먹인다.(I make my dog drink water)

죽다 (to die) 죽이다 (to make/let someone die , to kill)

Active- 지진 때문에 많은 사람이 죽었다. (Many people died from the earthquake.)

Causative- 그는 사람을 죽였다. (He killed a person.)

붙다 (to stick to) 붙이다 (to make/let something stick to)

Active- 나는 벽에 붙는다. (I stick to the wall.)

Causative- 나는 사진을 벽에 붙인다. (I make a picture stick to the wall.)

끓다 (to boil) 끓이다 (to make/let something boil)

Active- 물은 100℃ 이상에서 끓는다. (Water boils in the temperature of 100℃ and over.)

Causative- 나는 김치찌개를 끓인다. (I make the Kimchi-jjigae boil. / I boil the Kimchi-jjigae.)

보다 (to see, to look, to watch) 보이다 (to make/let someone see , to show)

Active- 나는 영화를 보았다. (I saw a movie.)

Causative- 학생이 내게 사진을 보였다. (A student showed me a photograph.)

속다 (to be fooled, to be deceived) 속이다 (to make/let someone be fooled)

Active- 또다시 일기예보에게 속았다. (I am fooled by the weather forecast again.)

Causative- 절대로 사람을 속이지 마라. (Never deceive a person.)


히 Causative verb
Active verb Causative verb Examples
익다 익히다
읽다 (to read) 읽히다
입다 (to wear) 입히다
앉다 (to sit) 앉히다
눕다 눕히다
맞다 맞히다


리 Causative verb
Active verb Causative verb Examples
알다 알리다
울다 울리다
돌다 돌리다
살다 살리다
놀다 놀리다


기 Causative verb
Active verb Causative verb Examples
벗다 벗기다
신다 신기다
웃다 웃기다
맡다 맡기다
감다 감기다
씻다 씻기다


우 Causative verb
Active verb Causative verb Examples
깨다 깨우다
서다 세우다
쓰다 씌우다
자다 재우다
타다 태우다


구 Causative verb
Active verb Causative verb Examples
돋다 돋구다
일다 일구다
달다 달구다
솟다 솟구다


추 Causative verb
Active verb Causative verb Examples
낮다 낮추다
늦다 늦추다
맞다 맞추다
곧다 곧추다

Creating causative form

The causative form can also be created using: See V + 게 하다

See also