Difference between revisions of "Colors"
(Added a detailed explanation of the patterns of the two main groups of color words.) |
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! Color !! Example !! Native Korean !! Sino-Korean (Chinese) | + | ! Color !! Example !! Color Words !! Native Korean Adjectives !! Sino-Korean Roots (Chinese) |
|- | |- | ||
| Red | | Red | ||
| style="background:#FF0000" | | | style="background:#FF0000" | | ||
| − | | 빨간색, 빨강 | + | | 빨간색, 빨강, 적색, 홍색 |
| + | | 빨닿다 | ||
| 적 <赤>, 홍 <紅> | | 적 <赤>, 홍 <紅> | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | Vermillion | ||
| + | | style="background:#E34234" | | ||
| + | | 주색 | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | | 주 <[[硃]]> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Maroon | | Maroon | ||
| style="background:#8B0000"| | | style="background:#8B0000"| | ||
| + | | 적갈색 | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | | + | | 적갈 <[[赤]][[褐]]> |
|- | |- | ||
| Pink | | Pink | ||
| Line 19: | Line 27: | ||
| 진분홍색, 꽃분홍색 | | 진분홍색, 꽃분홍색 | ||
| | | | ||
| + | | 분홍 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Pink | | Pink | ||
| Line 24: | Line 33: | ||
| 분홍색, 핑크색 | | 분홍색, 핑크색 | ||
| | | | ||
| + | | 분홍 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Light Pink | | Light Pink | ||
| Line 29: | Line 39: | ||
| 연분홍색 | | 연분홍색 | ||
| | | | ||
| + | | 분홍 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Orange | | Orange | ||
| style="background:#FF6633" | | | style="background:#FF6633" | | ||
| 주황색 | | 주황색 | ||
| + | | | ||
| 주황 <[[硃]][[黃]]> | | 주황 <[[硃]][[黃]]> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 38: | Line 50: | ||
| style="background:#FF9900" | | | style="background:#FF9900" | | ||
| 오렌지색 | | 오렌지색 | ||
| + | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Apricot | | Apricot | ||
| style="background:#FFE4B5" | | | style="background:#FFE4B5" | | ||
| − | | 살색 | + | | 살색, 살구색 |
| + | | | ||
| ※참고↓ | | ※참고↓ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 48: | Line 62: | ||
| style="background:#FFFF00" | | | style="background:#FFFF00" | | ||
| 노란색, 노랑 | | 노란색, 노랑 | ||
| + | | 노랗다 | ||
| 황 <[[黃]]> | | 황 <[[黃]]> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Yellow | | Yellow | ||
| style="background:#FFFF99" | | | style="background:#FFFF99" | | ||
| − | | | + | | 연노란색 |
| | | | ||
| + | | 연 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Beige | | Beige | ||
| style="background:#EED8AE" | | | style="background:#EED8AE" | | ||
| 베이지색 | | 베이지색 | ||
| + | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| style="background:#FFFFCC" | | | style="background:#FFFFCC" | | ||
| 아이보리색 | | 아이보리색 | ||
| + | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 68: | Line 86: | ||
| style="background:#339900" | | | style="background:#339900" | | ||
| 초록색 | | 초록색 | ||
| − | | 녹 <[[綠]]>, | + | | |
| + | | 녹 <[[綠]]>, 초록 <[[草]][[綠]]> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Light Green | | Light Green | ||
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| 연두색 | | 연두색 | ||
| | | | ||
| + | | 연 두 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Green | | Green | ||
| style="background:#666600" | | | style="background:#666600" | | ||
| 카키색 | | 카키색 | ||
| + | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | Turquoise |
| style="background:#009999" | | | style="background:#009999" | | ||
| 청록색 | | 청록색 | ||
| | | | ||
| + | | 녹 <[[綠]]> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Navy Blue | + | | Indigo, Navy Blue |
| style="background:#000099" | | | style="background:#000099" | | ||
| 남색,네이비 | | 남색,네이비 | ||
| | | | ||
| + | | 남 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Blue | | Blue | ||
| style="background:#0000FF" | | | style="background:#0000FF" | | ||
| 파란색, 파랑 | | 파란색, 파랑 | ||
| + | | 파랗다 | ||
| 청 <[[靑]]> | | 청 <[[靑]]> | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| style="background:#99CCFF" | | | style="background:#99CCFF" | | ||
| 하늘색 | | 하늘색 | ||
| + | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| style="background:#800080" | | | style="background:#800080" | | ||
| 보라색 | | 보라색 | ||
| + | | | ||
| 자주 <[[紫]][[硃]]> | | 자주 <[[紫]][[硃]]> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 109: | Line 135: | ||
| style="background:#CC66FF" | | | style="background:#CC66FF" | | ||
| 연보라색 | | 연보라색 | ||
| + | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| style="background:#804000" | | | style="background:#804000" | | ||
| 밤색 | | 밤색 | ||
| + | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| style="background:#A0522D" | | | style="background:#A0522D" | | ||
| 갈색 | | 갈색 | ||
| + | | | ||
| 갈 <[[褐]]> | | 갈 <[[褐]]> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Brown | + | | Brown (Yellow Ochre) |
| style="background:#DAA520" | | | style="background:#DAA520" | | ||
| 황토색 | | 황토색 | ||
| | | | ||
| + | | 황 <[[黃]]> 토 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| White | | White | ||
| style="background:#ffffff" | | | style="background:#ffffff" | | ||
| 하얀색, 하양, 흰색 | | 하얀색, 하양, 흰색 | ||
| + | | 하얗다 | ||
| 백 <[[白]]> | | 백 <[[白]]> | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| style="background:#CCCCCC" | | | style="background:#CCCCCC" | | ||
| 밝은 회색 | | 밝은 회색 | ||
| + | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| style="background:#999999" | | | style="background:#999999" | | ||
| 회색 | | 회색 | ||
| + | | | ||
| 회 <[[灰]]> | | 회 <[[灰]]> | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| style="background:#666666" | | | style="background:#666666" | | ||
| 진회색 | | 진회색 | ||
| + | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| style="background:#000000" | | | style="background:#000000" | | ||
| 검은색, 검정, 까만 | | 검은색, 검정, 까만 | ||
| + | | | ||
| 흑 <[[黑]]> | | 흑 <[[黑]]> | ||
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| style="background:#C0C0C0" | | | style="background:#C0C0C0" | | ||
| 은색 | | 은색 | ||
| + | | | ||
| 은색 <[[銀]][[色]]> (glitter) | | 은색 <[[銀]][[色]]> (glitter) | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| style="background:#D4A017" | | | style="background:#D4A017" | | ||
| 금색 | | 금색 | ||
| + | | | ||
| 금색 <[[金]][[色]]> (glitter) | | 금색 <[[金]][[色]]> (glitter) | ||
|} | |} | ||
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In English, a single color word can nearly always be used for multiple different grammatical roles and contexts. In Korean, there are various different patterns. | In English, a single color word can nearly always be used for multiple different grammatical roles and contexts. In Korean, there are various different patterns. | ||
| − | In English, each color word like "yellow" can be used both as adjective ("the yellow flower", "The flower is yellow."), and as a noun taking various distinct meanings: such as the color yellow itself ("I like yellow."), and yellow paint or light ("It needs more yellow."). | + | In English, each color word like "yellow" can be used both as adjective ("the yellow flower", "The flower is yellow."), and as a noun taking various distinct meanings: such as the color yellow itself ("I like yellow."), and yellow paint or light ("It needs more yellow."). |
In Korean, on the other hand, all four of the above examples use distinct forms. | In Korean, on the other hand, all four of the above examples use distinct forms. | ||
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The color base word is never used by itself, but always in combination with a noun like 색 (color), or 빛 (shade, hue, tint). | The color base word is never used by itself, but always in combination with a noun like 색 (color), or 빛 (shade, hue, tint). | ||
| − | In the table above you will be able to see that | + | In the table above you will be able to see that almost all the color words are one of these two types. The notable exception is black, which has a Korean adjective (descriptive verb) 검다 and a corresponding color word 검장. |
[[Category:Vocabulary]] | [[Category:Vocabulary]] | ||
Revision as of 02:25, 9 June 2011
Use of color words is more complex in Korean than in English. See below for more details and examples.
| Color | Example | Color Words | Native Korean Adjectives | Sino-Korean Roots (Chinese) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red | 빨간색, 빨강, 적색, 홍색 | 빨닿다 | 적 <赤>, 홍 <紅> | |
| Vermillion | 주색 | 주 <硃> | ||
| Maroon | 적갈색 | 적갈 <赤褐> | ||
| Pink | 진분홍색, 꽃분홍색 | 분홍 | ||
| Pink | 분홍색, 핑크색 | 분홍 | ||
| Light Pink | 연분홍색 | 분홍 | ||
| Orange | 주황색 | 주황 <硃黃> | ||
| Orange | 오렌지색 | |||
| Apricot | 살색, 살구색 | ※참고↓ | ||
| Yellow | 노란색, 노랑 | 노랗다 | 황 <黃> | |
| Yellow | 연노란색 | 연 | ||
| Beige | 베이지색 | |||
| Yellow | 아이보리색 | |||
| Green | 초록색 | 녹 <綠>, 초록 <草綠> | ||
| Light Green | 연두색 | 연 두 | ||
| Green | 카키색 | |||
| Turquoise | 청록색 | 녹 <綠> | ||
| Indigo, Navy Blue | 남색,네이비 | 남 | ||
| Blue | 파란색, 파랑 | 파랗다 | 청 <靑> | |
| Sky Blue | 하늘색 | |||
| Purple | 보라색 | 자주 <紫硃> | ||
| Purple | 연보라색 | |||
| Brown | 밤색 | |||
| Brown | 갈색 | 갈 <褐> | ||
| Brown (Yellow Ochre) | 황토색 | 황 <黃> 토 | ||
| White | 하얀색, 하양, 흰색 | 하얗다 | 백 <白> | |
| Light Gray | 밝은 회색 | |||
| Gray | 회색 | 회 <灰> | ||
| Gray | 진회색 | |||
| Black | 검은색, 검정, 까만 | 흑 <黑> | ||
| Silver | 은색 | 은색 <銀色> (glitter) | ||
| Gold | 금색 | 금색 <金色> (glitter) |
※살색(flesh-colored)은 인종차별적인 단어라고 여겨져, 2005년에 정식명칭이 살구색(apricot)이라고 바뀌었지만, 아직도 살색이라는 단어가 더 흔히 쓰이고 있다.
Use of color words is more complex in Korean than in English.
In English, a single color word can nearly always be used for multiple different grammatical roles and contexts. In Korean, there are various different patterns.
In English, each color word like "yellow" can be used both as adjective ("the yellow flower", "The flower is yellow."), and as a noun taking various distinct meanings: such as the color yellow itself ("I like yellow."), and yellow paint or light ("It needs more yellow.").
In Korean, on the other hand, all four of the above examples use distinct forms.
노란 꽃 (the yellow flower) 꽃 노랗다. (The flower is yellow.) 노랑 좋아해요. (I like yellow.) 노란색 좋아해요. (I like yellow.) 노란빛 더 필요해요. (It needs more yellow.)
That pattern is used for a small group of colors that have native Korean adjectives (descriptive verbs), such as 노랗다 (yellow) and 하얗다 (white). The normal Korean adjective form expresses the color as a noun modifier: 노란 꽃 (the yellow flower). Related to each adjective is a color noun ending in the sound -앙: 노랑 ("the color yellow"), 하양 ("the color white"). Somewhat confusingly, an alternate color noun can also be created using the modifier form of the adjective with the word 색 ("color"): 노란색 ("the color yellow"), 하얀색 ("the color white").
On the other hand, the majority of Korean color words follow a very different pattern. They use a color base word in combination with the word 색 ("color"):
오렌지색 꽃 (the orange flower) 꽃 오렌지색이에요. (The flower is orange.) 오렌지색 좋아해요. (I like orange.) 오렌지빛 더 필요해요. (It needs more orange.)
The color base word is never used by itself, but always in combination with a noun like 색 (color), or 빛 (shade, hue, tint).
In the table above you will be able to see that almost all the color words are one of these two types. The notable exception is black, which has a Korean adjective (descriptive verb) 검다 and a corresponding color word 검장.
