경상 dialect: Difference between revisions

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South & North

Dialects

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Pronunciation

Lacks ㅟ and ㅚ
Little difference between ㅡ and ㅓ, and ㅐ and ㅔ
- 언어 and 은어 → [어너]
Lacks some double consonants, like ㅆ
- 쌌다 → [삳다]
- 쌀 → [살]
Dipthongs commonly loose the 'w' sound
- 사과 → [사가]
Sometimes ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅡ become either ㅓ or ㅣ when there's vowel assimilation
- 막히다 → [매키다]
- 먹이다 → 매기다
- 옮기다 → 앵기다
- 죽이다 → 지기다
Sometimes a ㄱ, ㅋ, or ㄲ at the beginning of a word becomes ㅈ, ㅊ, or ㅉ
- 김치 → [짐치]
- 기름 → [지름]
Sometimes a beginning 히 becomes a 시
- 힘 → [심]
Sometimes a beginning consonant becomes a double
- 과자 → [까자]

Grammar

The Gyeongsang dialect maintains a trace of Middle Korean: the grammar of the dialect distinguishes between a yes-no question and a wh-question, while Standard Modern Korean does not. With an informal speech level, for example, yes-no questions end with "-a (아)" and wh-questions end with "-o (오)" in the Gyeongsang dialect, whereas in standard speech both types of questions end in either "이" or "어" without a difference between the types of questions. For example:

"밥 묵읏나?" (Bap mugeutna?) as opposed to "밥 먹었니?" (Bap meogeotni?) or "밥 먹었어?" (Bap meogeosseo?) — "Did you eat?"
"머 하노?" (Meo hano?) as opposed to "뭐 하니?" (Mwo hani?) or "뭐 해?" (Mwo hae?) — "What are you doing?"

Notice that the first question can be answered with a yes or no, while the latter question is to be answered otherwise.

This phenomenon can also be observed in tag questions, which are answered with a yes or no.

"Eopje, geujya?" (업제 그쟈?) as opposed to "Eopji, geureotchi?" (없지, 그렇지?) — "It isn't there, is it?"

Noun modifiers

Instead of -이 after a noun, it becomes -이가
- 가심이가 아푸다
Instead of -을/-를, it becomes 로
- 물로 묵고
Instead of -한테, it becomes -인대
- 이거 나인대 잇던 거 아이가?
Instead of -와/-과, it becomes -캉
- 내캉 가치 가자.

Verbs

Sometimes verbs add 어 instead of 아 for glue
- 받아 → [받어]
Sometimes the glue changes
- 비벼 → 비비
- 줘 → 도
  - 이리 줘 → [이리 도]
Sometimes the bottom consonant isn't removed
- 더워 → 덥어
- 나아 → 낫아
Some verbs are very different
- 먹다 → 묵다
  - 먹으면 → 무우면
  - 먹어서 → 무우서

Verb Endings

Statements

-ㅁ니더/-심니더 (합쇼체)
-내 (하게체)
-ㄴ다/-넌다 (해라체)
Verbs adding 요 for middle form add 얘 instead
- 여기 있어요 → 여기 잇어얘
- 여기 있는데요 → 여기 잇넌대얘

Questions

-ㅁ니꺼/-심니꺼 (합쇼체)
-넌교/-(으)ㄴ교 (합쇼체)
-넌가/-(으)ㄴ가 (하게체)
-나 (해라체)

Questions with where, why, etc. end with:

-넌고/-(으)ㄴ고 (하게체)
- 어대 가넌고?
- 이건 누구 책이고?
-노 (해라체)

Questions with just yes or no answers, end with:

-넌가/-(으)ㄴ가 (하게체)
- 집애 가넌가?
- 이건 니 책이가?
-나 (해라체)

Other

(합쇼체) (으)ㅂ시다 → -(으)입시더
못V can change to [몬]V
- 못 하다 → 몬 하다
- 못 오다 → 몬 오다
The quote form can change
- 뭐라고요? → 머라꼬예?
- 뭐라고 했냐? → 머라 캣노?
A verb description a noun can change (-는 → -넌) (-았-/-었- → -앗-/-엇-)
- 밥을 먹은 사람 → 밥 무웃넌 사람

Vocabulary

Sometimes where you see a ㅂ or ㅅ where there isn't one in the standard dialect, it's because it's closer to older Korean (ㅸ, ㅿ)
Sometimes where you see a ㅗ where there's a ㅏ in the standard dialect, it's because it's closer to older Korean (ㆍ)

General 경상도
Dialect	Standard	English
정구지	부추	korean leek
찌짐/지짐이	전	korean pan fried food
가시개	가위	scissors
새그럽다	시다	sour
정지	부엌	kitchen
따시다	따뜻하다	warm
찹다	차갑다	cold
디다	힘들다/지치다	exhausted
올리다	토하다	vomit
뽀꿈쥐다	꽉 잡다	grab tight
데피다	데우다	heat up
봉다리	봉지	plastic bag
어제 아래	그저께	the day before yesterday
문때다	문지르다	rub off
억수로	매우 많이	very much
가시나
머시마
아	아이	kid
아지매	고모, 이모
아재	삼촌
어무이	어머니
아부지	아버지
폴 (like ᄑᆞᆯ)	팔
뽀리다 (like ᄲᆞᄅᆞ다)	빠르다
새비 (like 사ᄫᅵ)	새우
무시 (like 무ᅀᅮ)	무우

Phrases

General 경상도
Dialect	Standard	English
밥 뭇나?/밥 먹었나?	밥 먹었어?	Have you eaten?
밥 무라	밥 먹어.	Come and eat.
와이라노/와이카노	왜 그래?	What's wrong?
맞나?	정말?	Really?
글라?	그래?	Really?
뭐라캐싼노?	뭐라구?/뭐라고 얘기하고 있는거야?	What are you talking about?
뭐라고 씨부리쌌노!	너 지금 무슨말을 하고있는 거야!	What the hell are you talking about?
뭐고?/뭐꼬?	뭐야?	What is it?
가가가가?	걔가 그사람이야?	Is he the guy?
엔가이 좀 해라	그만 좀 해.	Stop it. That's enough.
디질래?	죽을래?	Do you wanna die or something?
죽고싶나 ?	죽고 싶어?	Do you wanna die or something?
뿌사뿔라	부셔버릴거야.	I'll break it.
아 쫌!!	아 그만좀 해. 너 왜자꾸 그러는거니?	That's enough. What's wrong with you?
아니다안캤나	아니라고 하지 않았니?	I said no.
이리온나.	이리와.	Come here.

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 *"Eopje, geujya?" (업제 그쟈?) as opposed to "Eopji, geureotchi?" (없지, 그렇지?) — "It isn't there, is it?"
 ===Noun modifiers===
-*Instead of -이 after a noun, it becomes -이가
+*Instead of -이 after a noun, it becomes -이가 <!-- ??? i don't thinks so.-->
 **가심이가 아푸다
-*Instead of -을/-를, it becomes 로
+*Instead of -을/-를, it becomes 로  <!-- ??? -->
 **물로 묵고
-*Instead of -에게, it becomes -인대
+*Instead of -한테, it becomes -인대 <!-- middle age↑ -->
 **이거 나인대 잇던 거 아이가?
-*Instead of -와/-과, it becomes -캉
+*Instead of -와/-과, it becomes -캉 <!-- middle age↑ -->
 **내캉 가치 가자.
 ===Verbs===
-*Sometimes verbs add 어 instead of 아 for glue
+*Sometimes verbs add 어 instead of 아 for glue <!-- ??? -->
 **받아 → [받어]
-*Sometimes the glue changes
+*Sometimes the glue changes <!-- all -->
 **비벼 → 비비
-**줘 → 조
+**줘 → 도
-*Sometimes the bottom consonant isn't removed
+***이리 줘 → [이리 도]
+*Sometimes the bottom consonant isn't removed  <!-- all -->
 **더워 → 덥어
 **나아 → 낫아
-*Some verbs are very different
+*Some verbs are very different <!-- all -->
 **먹다 → 묵다
 ***먹으면 → 무우면
@@ Line 57: / Line 58: @@
 ===Verb Endings===
 ====Statements====
-* -ㅁ니더/-심니더 (합쇼체)
+* -ㅁ니더/-심니더 (합쇼체)    <!-- middle age↑ -->
 * -내 (하게체)
 * -ㄴ다/-넌다 (해라체)
-*Verbs adding 요 for middle form add 얘 instead
+*Verbs adding 요 for middle form add 얘 instead   <!-- middle age↑ -->
 **여기 있어요 → 여기 잇어얘
 **여기 있는데요 → 여기 잇넌대얘
 ====Questions====
-* -ㅁ니꺼/-심니꺼 (합쇼체)
+* -ㅁ니꺼/-심니꺼 (합쇼체)   <!-- middle age↑ -->
-* -넌교/-(으)ㄴ교 (합쇼체)
+* -넌교/-(으)ㄴ교 (합쇼체)   <!-- middle age↑ -->
 * -넌가/-(으)ㄴ가 (하게체)
 * -나 (해라체)
 Questions with where, why, etc. end with:
 *-넌고/-(으)ㄴ고 (하게체)
 **어대 가넌고?
-**이건 누구 책고?
+**이건 누구 책이고?
 *-노 (해라체)
 Questions with just yes or no answers, end with:
 *-넌가/-(으)ㄴ가 (하게체)
 **집애 가넌가?
-**이건 니 책가?
+**이건 니 책이가?
 *-나 (해라체)
 ====Other====
-*(합쇼체) (으)ㅂ시다 → -(으)입시더
+*(합쇼체) (으)ㅂ시다 → -(으)입시더       <!-- middle age↑ -->
-*못V can change to [몬]V
+*못V can change to [몬]V    <!-- all -->
 **못 하다 → 몬 하다
 **못 오다 → 몬 오다
 *The quote form can change
-**뭐라고요? → 머라꼬예?
+**뭐라고요? → 머라꼬예?        <!-- middle age↑ -->
-**뭐라고 했냐? → 머라 캣노?
+**뭐라고 했냐? → 머라 캣노?     <!-- all -->
 *A verb description a noun can change (-는 → -넌) (-았-/-었- → -앗-/-엇-)
-**밥을 먹은 사람 → 밥 무웃넌 사람
+**밥을 먹은 사람 → 밥 무웃넌 사람   <!-- all -->
 ==Vocabulary==
 *Sometimes where you see a ㅂ or ㅅ where there isn't one in the standard dialect, it's because it's closer to older Korean (ㅸ, ㅿ)