Difference between revisions of "경상 dialect"

Revision as of 08:05, 6 August 2009

Pronunciation

• Lacks ㅟ and ㅚ
• Little difference between ㅡ and ㅓ, and ㅐ and ㅔ
  • 언어 and 은어 → [어너]
• Lacks some double consonants, like ㅆ
  • 쌌다 → [삳다]
  • 쌀 → [살]
• Dipthongs commonly loose the 'w' sound
  • 사과 → [사가]
• Sometimes ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅡ become either ㅓ or ㅣ when there's vowel assimilation
  • 막히다 → [매키다]
  • 먹이다 → 매기다
  • 옮기다 → 앵기다
  • 죽이다 → 지기다
• Sometimes a ㄱ, ㅋ, or ㄲ at the beginning of a word becomes ㅈ, ㅊ, or ㅉ
  • 김치 → [짐치]
  • 기름 → [지름]
• Sometimes a beginning 히 becomes a 시
  • 힘 → [심]
• Sometimes a beginning consonant becomes a double
  • 과자 → [까자]

Grammar

The Gyeongsang dialect maintains a trace of Middle Korean: the grammar of the dialect distinguishes between a yes-no question and a wh-question, while Standard Modern Korean does not. With an informal speech level, for example, yes-no questions end with "-a (아)" and wh-questions end with "-o (오)" in the Gyeongsang dialect, whereas in standard speech both types of questions end in either "이" or "어" without a difference between the types of questions. For example:

• "밥 묵읏나?" (Bap mugeutna?) as opposed to "밥 먹었니?" (Bap meogeotni?) or "밥 먹었어?" (Bap meogeosseo?) — "Did you eat?"
• "머 하노?" (Meo hano?) as opposed to "뭐 하니?" (Mwo hani?) or "뭐 해?" (Mwo hae?) — "What are you doing?"

Notice that the first question can be answered with a yes or no, while the latter question is to be answered otherwise.

This phenomenon can also be observed in tag questions, which are answered with a yes or no.

• "Eopje, geujya?" (업제 그쟈?) as opposed to "Eopji, geureotchi?" (없지, 그렇지?) — "It isn't there, is it?"

Noun modifiers

• Instead of -이 after a noun, it becomes -이가
  • 가심이가 아푸다
• Instead of -을/-를, it becomes 로
  • 물로 묵고
• Instead of -한테, it becomes -인대
  • 이거 나인대 잇던 거 아이가?
• Instead of -와/-과, it becomes -캉
  • 내캉 가치 가자.

Verbs

• Sometimes verbs add 어 instead of 아 for glue
  • 받아 → [받어]
• Sometimes the glue changes
  • 비벼 → 비비
  • 줘 → 도
    • 이리 줘 → [이리 도]
• Sometimes the bottom consonant isn't removed
  • 더워 → 덥어
  • 나아 → 낫아
• Some verbs are very different
  • 먹다 → 묵다
    • 먹으면 → 무우면
    • 먹어서 → 무우서

Verb Endings

Statements

• -ㅁ니더/-심니더 (합쇼체)
• -내 (하게체)
• -ㄴ다/-넌다 (해라체)
• Verbs adding 요 for middle form add 얘 instead
  • 여기 있어요 → 여기 잇어얘
  • 여기 있는데요 → 여기 잇넌대얘

Questions

• -ㅁ니꺼/-심니꺼 (합쇼체)
• -넌교/-(으)ㄴ교 (합쇼체)
• -넌가/-(으)ㄴ가 (하게체)
• -나 (해라체)

Questions with where, why, etc. end with:

• -넌고/-(으)ㄴ고 (하게체)
  • 어대 가넌고?
  • 이건 누구 책이고?
• -노 (해라체)

Questions with just yes or no answers, end with:

• -넌가/-(으)ㄴ가 (하게체)
  • 집애 가넌가?
  • 이건 니 책이가?
• -나 (해라체)

Other

• (합쇼체) (으)ㅂ시다 → -(으)입시더
• 못V can change to [몬]V
  • 못 하다 → 몬 하다
  • 못 오다 → 몬 오다
• The quote form can change
  • 뭐라고요? → 머라꼬예?
  • 뭐라고 했냐? → 머라 캣노?
• A verb description a noun can change (-는 → -넌) (-았-/-었- → -앗-/-엇-)
  • 밥을 먹은 사람 → 밥 무웃넌 사람

Vocabulary

• Sometimes where you see a ㅂ or ㅅ where there isn't one in the standard dialect, it's because it's closer to older Korean (ㅸ, ㅿ)
• Sometimes where you see a ㅗ where there's a ㅏ in the standard dialect, it's because it's closer to older Korean (ㆍ)

Phrases

See also

• wikipedia:동남 방언
• 경북방언의 일반적 특징