Difference between revisions of "아/어/여 + 요"

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[[ㄹ irregular verbs]]
 
[[ㄹ irregular verbs]]
 
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[[르 irregular verbs]]
[[ㅂ irregular verbs]] ㅂ- pg 373
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[[ㅂ irregular verbs]]  
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[[ㅅ irregular verbs]]
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[[ㅎ irregular verbs]]
 
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==See Also==
 
==See Also==
*Related topic or grammar
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*[[ㄷ irregular verbs]]
[[Category: Grammar Pattern]]
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*[[ㄹ irregular verbs]]
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*[[르 irregular verbs]]
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*[[ㅂ irregular verbs]]
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*[[ㅅ irregular verbs]]
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*[[으 irregular verbs]]
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*[[ㅎ irregular verbs]]
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[[Category:Grammar Pattern|ㅇ]]
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[[Category:SNU Level 1 Grammar|ㅇ]]

Revision as of 05:30, 11 February 2009

Using the 요 ending adds politeness. In order to make the verb or adjective informal low form, known as 반말 one can usually simply remove the 요 at the end of the word.


Conjugation Rule

why is it verbs like 내다 don't get a 어 attached to it, like it's not 내어요 , but then 쉬다 is 쉬어 right?

Verb/Adj Stem + 아

If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowels 오 or 아, then 아 is added. If it is a stem with no 받침 like 가다, then an extra 아 isn't added. Note this rule does not apply for 하다 verbs, see the section below for 하다 verbs. Also Stems that end in 오 are often contracted to 와 (오+아 = 와), especially in colloquial speech.
Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs.

Examples for Verb Stem + 아
Verb/Adjective Stem After Conjugation Contracted Form Present Tense Past Tense
가다 (to go) 가아 가(요) 갔어(요)
괜찮다 (to be fine, ok) 괜찮 괜찮아 N/A 괜찮아(요) 괜찮았어(요)
놀다 (to play) 놀아 N/A 놀아(요) 놀았어(요)
맞다 (to be right, correct) 맞아 N/A 맞아(요) 맞았어(요)
보다 (to see) 보아 봐(요) / 보아(요 봤어(요) / 보았어(요)
사다 사아 사(요) 샀어(요)
오다 (to come) 오아 와(요) / 오아(요) 왔어(요) / 오았어(요)
좋다 (to like) 좋아 N/A 좋아(요) 좋았어(요)

Verb/Adj Stem + 어

If the last syllable of the stem contains any vowel other than 오, 아, and is not a 하다 verb then it becomes an 어. Note that verb stems with 이 turn into a 여(see next section), it is due to a contraction of 이 + 어 = 여. Since the non contracted form is rarely used, the 이 containing verb stems has been given it's own section and excluded from this section.

If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowel 이 and there's no 받침, i.e. 시키다, then it becomes a 여 (시켜). The 여 is a result of the contraction between 이 + 어. The contracted form is almost always used in spoken and written Korean. Also Note A seperate table of examples has been created below.

Stems with 으 in them get the 으 removed and the vowel changes to a 어, i.e. 쓰다 becomes 써. Note that 르 verbs/adjectives have an irregular form. See the irregular verbs section.


  • anything with v+어 +어 verbs? otherwise remove after conjucation
Examples for Verb Stem + 어
Verb/Adjective Stem After Conjugation Contracted Form Present Tense Past Tense
먹다 (to eat) 먹어 N/A 먹어(요) 먹었(요)
신다 (to put on shoes/socks) 신어 N/A 신어(요) 신었어(요)
쓰다 (to write) 쓰어 써(요) 썼어(요)
울다 (to cry) 울어 N/A 울어(요) 울었어(요)
읽다 (to read) 읽어 N/A 읽어(요) 읽었어(요)
재미있다 (to be fun, interesting) 재미있 재미있어 N/A 재미있어(요) 재미있었어(요)
주다 (to give) 주어 줘요 / 주어(요) 줬어(요) / 주었어(요)
크다 (to be big) 크어 커(요) 컸어(요)
필요없다 (to need) 필요없 필요없어 N/A 필요없어(요) 필요없었어(요)
힘들다 (to be difficult, tiring) 힘들 힘들어 N/A 힘들어(요) 힘들었어(요)



Examples for Verb Stem ending with 이 + 어
Verb/Adjective Stem After Conjugation Contracted Form(이 + 어 = 여) Present Tense Past Tense
내리다 (to descend) 내리 내리어 내려 내려(요) 내렸어(요)
놀리다 (to tease, make fun of) 놀리 놀리어 놀려 놀려(요) 놀렸어(요)
떨어지다(to fall) 떨어지 떨어지어 떨어져 떨어져(요) 떨어졌어(요)
먹이다 (to feed) 먹이 먹이어 먹여 먹여(요) 먹였어(요)
보이다 (to be seen, visible) 보이 보이어 보여 보여(요) 보였어(요)
붙이다 (to attach, stick) 붙이 붙이어 붙여 붙여(요) 붙였어(요)
빠지다 (to drown) 빠지 빠지어 빠져 빠져(요) 빠졌어(요)
사라지다 (to disappear) 사라지 사라지어 사라져 사라져(요) 사라졌어(요)
시키다 (to order) 시키 시키어 시켜 시켜(요) 시켰어(요)
웃기다 (to make a person laugh) 웃기 웃기어 웃겨 웃겨(요) 웃겨어(요)

피다(어? or not) --> found examples using 피어 .. any rule to usage? 그리다

하다 Verbs/Adjectives

Any verb or adjective that ends in 하다 falls under this category. THe 하 becomes 해 due to a contraction with 하 and 여. The contracted form is always used and no one uses the 하여 form, especially in colloquial speech.

Examples for 하다 Verbs
Verb/Adjective Stem After Conjugation Contracted Form Present Tense Past Tense
건강하다 (to be healthy) 건강하 건강하여 건강해 건강해(요) 건강했어(요)
공부하다 (to study) 공부하 공부하여 공부해 공부해(요) 공부했어(요)
궁금하다 (to be curious) 궁금하 궁금하여 궁금해 궁금해(요) 궁금했어(요)
설명하다 (to explain) 설명하 설명하여 설명해 설명해(요) 설명했어(요)
연락하다 (to contact someone) 연락하 연락하여 연락해 연락해(요) 연락했어(요)
연습하다 (to practice) 연습하 연습하여 연습해 연습해(요) 연습했어(요)
예약하다 (to make a reservation) 예약하 예약하여 예약해 예약해(요) 예약했어(요)
좋아하다 (to like) 좋아하 좋아하여 좋아해 좋아해(요) 좋아했어(요)
필요하다 (to need) 필요하 필요하여 필요해 필요해(요) 필요했어(요)
행복하다 (to be happy) 행복하 행복하여 행복해 행복해(요) 행복했어(요)

Irregular Verbs and Adjectives

ㄷ irregular verbs ㄹ irregular verbs 르 irregular verbs ㅂ irregular verbs ㅅ irregular verbs 으 irregular verbs ㅎ irregular verbs ㅅ- pg 365 으- pg 443 ㅎ- pg 343

Usage Exceptions

  • People saying 맞어 and 아퍼


See Also