TTMIK nível 6 lição 6 (Brasil)

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As lições do Construtor de Palavra são projetadas para ajudá-lo a entender como expandir o seu vocabulário ao aprender/compreender alguns blocos de construção básicos e comuns de palavras coreanas. As palavras e letras que serão introduzidas através das lições do Construtor de Palavra não são necessariamente todos caracteres chineses ou 한자. Embora muitos deles sejam baseados em caracteres chineses, os seus significados podem ser diferentes do chinês moderno. Seu objetivo através dessas lições é apenas entender como as palavras são formadas e lembrar da palavra chave em coreano e expandir o seu vocabulário coreano a partir daí. Você certamente não tem que memorizar os caracteres do Hanja, mas se você quiser, sinta-se livre! Nesta lição, veremos um sufixo nativo Coreano, -님. A palavra -님 basicamente tem o mesmo objetivo que -씨, que é o de mostrar respeito para com a pessoa ao ser abordada ou mencionada, mas -님 é muito mais formal e cortês do que -씨, e, portanto, é usada muito frequentemente com títulos sociais formais. Você pode usar -님 após o nome da pessoa ao abordá-la da maneira mais formal. Por exemplo, se o nome do conhecido é 현우, e você está falando na linguagem casual com ele, você pode simplesmente dizer o nome dele sozinho - 현우. But if you want to be more polite and formal, you add -씨 after the name and say 현우 씨. But if you want to be even more formal, you can use -님 instead and say 현우 님. And sometimes on the Internet, people who don’t know each other’s name but still want to be formal with each other just use the word “님” alone to address each other. This is mostly only common among young people. The following are some of the most commonly used words in Korean in which you can find the suffix -님. Many of these words are FIXED, which means they CAN’T be used WITHOUT the suffix -님. And some of them CAN be used without -님, but the nuance can change. 1. 선생님 = teacher

    • Almost always used with -님 attached. If you only say 선생, you may sound disrespectful. 선생님 is used both when you address a teacher directly and when you talk about a teacher when

he or she is not present. 2. 장님 = a blind person

    • Some people think it’s more appropriate to use the term 시각장애인 (visually handicapped person), but the word 장님 is still very commonly used and you can NOT use the word without -님 attached.

3. 의사선생님 = doctor

    • The job itself is 의사 but when you address and talk to a doctor, you can not call him/her “의사”. You need to use the word 의사선생님.

4. 교수님 = professor

    • The job itself is 교수 but when you talk to a professor, you need to put the suffix -님 and call that person “NAME + 교수님” or just “교수님”.

5. 어머님 = mother

    • You can call your own mother 엄마 or 어머니 if you want to be more polite, but when you refer to someone else’s mother in a polite way or even your own in the most formal way, you use the word 어머님. It is not natural, however, to use the term 어머님, to talk about your own mother to someone else. In that case, 저희 어머니, “my mother”, is better.

6. 아버님 = father

    • The same with 어머님. You can call your own father 아빠 or 아버지, and the most formal term is 아버님.

7. 형님 and 누님 = brother and sister

    • When men address an older man, they use the term 형. But when they want to be very polite (not necessarily “formal” in this case), they attach the suffix -님 at the end. The same goes for 누나, a term for men to use to address an older female, except 누나 changes to 누님 instead of 누나님.

8. 손님 = guest

    • In the past, the sino-Korean word 손 could be used on its own to mean “a guest”, but in modern-day Korean, the suffix -님 is ALWAYS attached at the end of the word. In a more business-related context, you can call your customers “고객님”. And in the case of the word 고객님, it is OKAY to drop -님 when you are NOT addressing a person directly.

More examples of job titles 9. 사장님 = head of company + 님 10. 과장님 = section chief + 님 11. 부장님 = head of departement (or manager) + 님 12. 총장님 = dean or president of a college + 님