TTMIK niveau 5 leçon 2
NIVEAU 5 LEÇON 2
Bienvenu à tous à la 2ème leçon du niveau 5. Dans cette leçon nous allons introduire comment le suffixe -시- [-si-] est utilisé dans des situations plus polies et formelles. Même si c'est la première fois que vous entendez parler de ce "suffixe honorifique", vous avez probablement déjà du voir des expressions auparavant qui sont composées de ce mot -시- , comme 안녕하세요, 안녕히 가세요 or 주세요.
Qu'est-ce qu'est -시-?
-시- est un "suffixe" donc n'est jamais utilisé seul. Quand il est combiné avec d'autres verbes, -시- fait une phrase "honorifique", c'est-à-dire que le locuteur montre du respect à la personne dont il parle. Si le locuteur veut montrer du respect à son interlocuteur, il peut lui montrer son respect en utilisant le suffixe honorifique -시- également.
Comment est-ce utilisé ?
-시- peut-être utilisé à n'importe quel temps. On ajoute -시- entre le radical du verbe et la terminaison.
COURANT
Present : radical du verbe + -아/어/여요
Passé : radical du verbe + -았/었/였어요
Futur : radical du verbe + -ᄅ 거예요
HONORIFIQUE
Present : radical du verbe + -시- + -어요
Passé : radical du verbe + -시- + -었어요
Futur : radical du verbe + -시- + -ᄅ 거예요
- Quand le radical du verbe finit par une consonne, on doit ajouter 으 [eu] devant 시 pour faciliter la prononciation.
Exemples
1. 보다 [bo-da] = voir
Present [courant] 보 + -아요 = 봐요 [bwa-yo] [honorifique] 보 + -시- + -어요 = 보셔요 [bo-syeo-yo]
Passé [courant] 보 + -았- + -어요 = 봤어요 [bwa-sseo-yo] [honorifique] 보 + -시- + -었- + -어요 = 보셨어요 [bo-syeo-sseo-yo]
Futur [courant] 보 + -ᄅ 거예요 = 볼 거예요 [bol geo-ye-yo] [honorifique] 보 + -시- + ᄅ 거예요 = 보실 거예요 [bo-sil geo-ye-yo]
2. 웃다 [ut-da] = to laugh, to smile
Present [courant] 웃 + -어요 = 웃어요 [u-seo-yo] [honorifique] 웃 + -으시- + -어요 = 웃으셔요 [u-seo-syeo-yo]
Passé [courant] 웃 + -었- + -어요 = 웃었어요 [u-seo-sseo-yo] [honorifique] 웃 + -으시- + -었- + -어요 = 웃으셨어요 [u-seu-syeo-sseo-yo]
Futur [courant] 웃 + -을 거예요 = 웃을 거예요 [u-seul geo-ye-yo] [honorifique] 웃 + -으시- + -ᄅ 거예요 = 웃으실 거예요 [u-seu-sil geo-ye-yo]
La particule sujet honorifique
Vous savez déjà ce que sont les particules sujets. Ce sont 이 [i] et 가 [ga] et ils montrent "QUI" a fait l'action ou “QUI” est le sujet du verbe.
Ex) A: 누가 했어요? (Qui a fait ça?) B: 제가 했어요. (C'est moi qui ai fait ça.)
Dans des phrases honorifiques, la particule sujet change en 께서 [kke-seo]. On n'utilise 께서 qu'après des sujets à qui on est honorifique, en montrantafter subjects that you are being honorific to, showing respect toward and lowering yourself against. Ex) A가 → A께서 Often times, the word for the subject itself can change accordingly. For example, the word 선생님 is already in the honorific form because it has the word “님” but in casual situations you can use 이 or 가 as subject markers. But other words need to change forms when they are used in honorific sentences. Ex) 친구가 → 친구분께서 (adding the word 분 [bun]) 사장이 → 사장님께서 (adding the word 님 [nim]) 현우 씨가 → 현우 님께서 (changing the word 씨 [ssi] to 님 [nim]) But in everyday conversations, if you are talking with people that you are somewhat close to, you can drop 께서 while still keeping the basic honorific forms using -시-. Ex) 1. 현우 씨, 언제 오실 거예요? = Hyunwoo, when are you going to come here? 2. 선생님이 주셨어요. = My teacher gave it to me. 3. 아빠 오셨어요. = My father is here. Irregular verbs exampls 1. 듣다 [deut-da] = to listen → [honorific] 들으시다 [deu-reu-si-da] 2. 팔다 [pal-da] = to sell This PDF is to be used along with the MP3 audio lesson available at TalkToMeInKorean.com. Please feel free to share TalkToMeInKorean’s free Korean lessons and PDF files with anybody who is studying Korean. If you have any questions or feedback, visit TalkToMeInKorean.com. TalkToMeInKorean.com - Free Korean Lesson Notes LEVEL 5 LESSON 2 → [honorific] 파시다 [pa-si-da] 3. 먹다 [meok-da] = to eat → [honorific] 드시다 [deu-si-da] 4. 마시다 [ma-si-da] = to drink → [honorific] 드시다 [deu-si-da] (** the same as 먹다) Fixed expressions (noun + 하시다) There are some nouns that are only used in honorific situations. They are used with 하시다 to form utmost hon- orific and polite expressions. 말 [mal] = talk, speech, story, speaking → 말씀 [mal-sseum] → 말씀하시다 [mal-sseum-ha-si-da] = to talk 먹다 [meok-da] = to eat → 식사 [sik-sa] = meal → 식사하시다 [sik-sa-ha-si-da] = to have a meal -셔요 becoming -세요 Originally, when -시- is combined with -아/어/여요, the present tense ending, it becomes -셔요. But over time, people have started pronouncing it and even writing it as -세요 because it’s easier to pronounce. This is only found in present tense sentences and imperative sentences. Present tense: Ex) 어디 가셔요? → 어디 가세요? (어디 가셔요 is still correct, but people say 어디 가세요 more commonly.) Imperative: Ex) 하지 마셔요. → 하지 마세요. (하지 마세요 is still correct, but people say 하지 마세요 more commonly.) This PDF is to be used along with the MP3 audio lesson available at TalkToMeInKorean.com. Please feel free to share TalkToMeInKorean’s free Korean lessons and PDF files with anybody who is studying Korean. If you have any questions or feedback, visit TalkToMeInKorean.com.
