ㄹ irregular verbs

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Verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㄹ 받침 are irregular. Some examples of include 알다, 살다, 열다 and 팔다. These verbs/adjectives don't follow normal conjugation rules required for 받침 containing stems, and instead follow the conjugation rules of non 받침 verbs. Also if followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, then the ㄹ in the stem disappears.

Explanation

Normally verb/adjectives whose stem has a 받침 follows a certain type of rule to conjugate it with a grammar pattern. If you notice in this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, some examples include A/V + (으)면, A/V + (으)니까. So for example, the pattern A/V + (으)면 has two rules, if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem. In the case that ㄹ is 받침, it follows the grammar patterns as the stems with no 받침.

As stated previously, these verbs/adjective stems follow the same conjugation rules as stems without a 받침.So if it is followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, then the ㄹ disappears. For example 팔다 in the grammar form V + (으)세요 becomes 파세요, NOT 팔세요.

Step by Step Example 1

Grammar Pattern: A/V + (으)면
Pattern Case
Rule 1: If there is no 받침
Rule 2: 으면 If there is a 받침
Example of the Process for Conjugating A/V + (으)면
Step # 가다 (to go) 먹다 (to eat) 알다 (to know)
Step 1: Does it have a 받침 at the end of stem? No Yes, the 받침 is ㄱ Yes, the 받침 is ㄹ (special case)
Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule Use rule 1:
A/V + 면
Use rule 2:
A/V + 으면
It is a ㄹ 받침 (irregular) and we treat it like there is no 받침, so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 면
Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule 가면 먹으면 알면

Step by Step Example 2

Grammar Pattern: A/V + (으)니까
Pattern Case
Rule 1: 니까 If there is no 받침
Rule 2: 으니까 If there is a 받침
Example of the Process for Conjugating A/V+(으)니까
Step # 가다 (to go) 먹다 (to eat) 알다 (to know)
Step 1: Does it have a 받침 at the end of stem?
No Yes, the 받침 is ㄱ Yes, the 받침 is ㄹ (special case)
Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule
Use rule 1:
A/V + 니까
Use rule 2:
A/V + 으니까
It is a ㄹ 받침 (irregular) and we treat it like there is no 받침, so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 니까
Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule
가니까 먹으니까 알니까
Step 4: Fix conflict
No conflict(regular verb) No conflict(regular verb) The ㄹ disappears and it becomes 아니까
because there was a conflict between the ㄹ 받침 and ㄴ in the previous step.

More Examples

Below is a table of various conjugation examples.

Conjugation Examples
Verb/Adj A/V + (스)ㅂ니다 A/V + 아/어/여 + 요 A/V + 았 / 었 + 어요 A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요 A/V + (으)니까 A/V + (으)면 A + 군요 / V + 는군요 A/V + 니 V + (으)세요
길다 (to be long) 깁니다 길어요 길었어요 길 거예요 기니까 길면 길군요 기니
놀다 (to play) 놉니다 놀아요 놀았어요 놀 거예요 노니까 놀면 노는군요 노니 노세요
들다 (to carry) 듭니다 들어요 들었어요 들 거예요 드니까 들면 드는군요 드니 드세요
만들다 (to make) 만듭니다 만들어요 만들었어요 만들 거예요 만드니까 만들면 만드는군요 만드니 만드세요
멀다 (to be far) 멉니다 멀어요 멀었어요 멀 거예요 머니까 멀면 멀군요 머니
살다 (to live) 삽니다 살아요 살았어요 살 거예요 사니까 살면 사는군요 사니 사세요
알다 (to know) 압니다 알아요 알았어요 알 거예요 아니까 알면 아는군요 아니 아세요
열다 (to open, unlock) 엽니다 열어요 열었어요 열 거예요 여니까 열면 여는군요 여니 여세요
울다 (to cry) 웁니다 울어요 울었어요 울 거예요 우니까 울면 우는군요 우니 우세요
팔다 (to sell) 팝니다 팔아요 팔았어요 팔 거예요 파니까 팔면 파는군요 파니 파세요
힘들다 (to difficult, tiring) 힘듭니다 힘들어요 힘들었어요 힘들 거예요 힘드니까 힘들면 힘들군요 힘드니