ㄹ irregular verbs

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Verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㄹ 받침 are irregular. Some examples of include 알다, 살다, 열다 and 팔다. These verbs/adjectives don't follow normal conjugation rules required for 받침 containing stems, and instead follow the conjugation rules of non 받침 verbs. Also if followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, then the ㄹ in the stem disappears.

Explanation

Normally verb/adjectives whose stem has a 받침 follows a certain type of rule to conjugate it with a grammar pattern. If you notice in this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, some examples include A/V + (으)면, A/V + (으)니까. So for example, the pattern A/V + (으)면 has two rules, if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem.

A/V+(으)면
Rule 1: If there is no 받침 add 면
Rule 2: If there is a 받침 add 으면

Example of the Process for Conjugating A/V+(으)면
Step # 가다 (to go) 먹다 (to eat) 알다 (to know)
Step 1: Does it have a 받침 at the end of stem? No Yes, the 받침 is ㄱ Yes, the 받침 is ㄹ (special case)
Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule Use rule 1:
A/V + 면
Use rule 2:
A/V + 으면
It is a ㄹ 받침 (irregular) and we treat it like there is no 받침, so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 면
Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule 가면 먹으면 알면

A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요

As stated previously, these verbs/adjective stem follow the same conjugation rules as stem without a 받침.So if it is followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, then the ㄹ disappears. For example 팔다 in the grammar form V + (으)세요 becomes 파세요, NOT 팔세요.

  • show image
Example of the Process for Conjugating A/V+(으)니까
Step # 가다 (to go) 먹다 (to eat) 알다 (to know)
Step 1: Does it have a 받침 at the end of stem? No Yes, the 받침 is ㄱ Yes, the 받침 is ㄹ (special case)
Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule Use rule 1:
A/V + 니까
Use rule 2:
A/V + 으니까
It is a ㄹ 받침 (irregular) and we treat it like there is no 받침, so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 니까
Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule 가니까 먹으니까 알니까
Step 4: Fix conflict No conflict(regular verb) No conflict(regular verb) The ㄹ disappears and it becomes 아니까 because there was a conflict between the ㄹ 받침 and ㄴ in the previous step.

also cases like 로, 면 ㄹ can't be used with (으) cases?

seperate table for ㄹ + grammars like future tense, 로, and 면? Also ㄴ/는데


Explanation

Normally verb/adjectives whose stem has a 받침 follows a certain type of rule to conjugate it with a grammar pattern. If you notice in this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, some examples include A/V + (으)면, A/V + (으)니까. So for example, the pattern A/V + (으)면 has two rules, if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem.

A/V+(으)면
Rule 1: If there is no 받침 add 면
Rule 2: If there is a 받침 add 으면

Example of the Process for Conjugating A/V+(으)면
Step # 가다 (to go) 먹다 (to eat) 알다 (to know)
Step 1: Does it have a 받침 at the end of stem? No Yes, the 받침 is ㄱ Yes, the 받침 is ㄹ (special case)
Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule Use rule 1:
A/V + 면
Use rule 2:
A/V + 으면
It is a ㄹ 받침 (irregular) and we treat it like there is no 받침, so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 면
Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule 가면 먹으면 알면

A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요

As stated previously, these verbs/adjective stem follow the same conjugation rules as stem without a 받침.So if it is followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, then the ㄹ disappears. For example 팔다 in the grammar form V + (으)세요 becomes 파세요, NOT 팔세요.

  • show image
Example of the Process for Conjugating A/V+(으)니까
Step # 가다 (to go) 먹다 (to eat) 알다 (to know)
Step 1: Does it have a 받침 at the end of stem? No Yes, the 받침 is ㄱ Yes, the 받침 is ㄹ (special case)
Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule Use rule 1:
A/V + 니까
Use rule 2:
A/V + 으니까
It is a ㄹ 받침 (irregular) and we treat it like there is no 받침, so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 니까
Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule 가니까 먹으니까 알니까
Step 4: Fix conflict No conflict(regular verb) No conflict(regular verb) The ㄹ disappears and it becomes 아니까 because there was a conflict between the ㄹ 받침 and ㄴ in the previous step.

also cases like 로, 면 ㄹ can't be used with (으) cases?

seperate table for ㄹ + grammars like future tense, 로, and 면? Also ㄴ/는데


More Examples

Below are a table of conjugation examples. These rules apply the same for other irregular ㄹ verbs such as: 길다,놀다, 들다, 만들다, 멀다, 살다, 알다, 열다, 울다, 팔다, 힘들다 (etc).

Some Conjugation Examples
Verb/Adj A/V + (스)ㅂ니다 A/V + 아 / 어 / 여 + 요 A/V + 았/었 + 어요 A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요 A/V + (으)니까 A/V + (으)면 A + 군요 / V + 는군요 A/V + 니 V + (으)세요
길다 (to be long) 깁니다 길어요 길었어요 길 거예요 기니까 길면 길군요 기니
만들다 (to make) 만듭니다 만들어요 만들었어요 만들 거예요 만드니까 만들면 만드는군요 만드니
멀다 (to be far) 멉니다 멀어요 멀었어요 멀 거예요 머니까 멀면 멀군요 머니
알다 (to know) 압니다 알아요 알았어요 알 거예요 아니까 알면 아는군요 아니
힘들다 (to difficult, tiring) 힘듭니다 힘들어요 힘들었어요 힘들 거예요 힘드니까 힘들면 힘들군요 힘드니