Difference between revisions of "Hangeul step 1/es"

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{{HangeulTop/es}}
 
{{HangeulTop/es}}
  
==Introducción==
+
==Introduction==
[[File:TTMIK.png|right|link=http://www.talktomeinkorean.com]]
+
[[File:Recorded by.jpg|right|thumb|250px|link=http://www.talktomeinkorean.com|Hyunwoo and Mikyung - Steps 2, 3<br>Seokjin and Kyoung-eun: Steps 4, 5, 6<br>http://www.talktomeinkorean.com ]]
Bienvenido! A diferencia del japonés y del chino, los fundamentos de la escritura básica del coreano se pueden aprender en pocas horas. La única forma de pronunciar las el lenguaje coreano con precisión es utilizar su escritura. Al tener el inglés y el coreano diferentes sonidos, usar la [http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanizaci%C3%B3n_revisada_del_coreano romanización] como técnica para aprender coreano no una buena idea después de todo. Por ello, hemos elaborado un plan de aprendizaje con 6 unidades y se han utilizado diversos métodos para ayudar aprender más rápida y eficazmente el idioma coreano. Éste es un proyecto conjunto entre la Korean Wiki Project y [http://www.talktomeinkorean.com TalktomeinKorean.com]. Gracias a la colaboración de todos, esperamos que este proyecto se lleve a cabo. Gracias por su apoyo y ayuda.
+
'''Welcome.''' Unlike Japanese and Chinese, the basics of the Korean script can be learned in a matter of hours. The only way to accurately pronounce Korean words is to use the Korean script, Hangeul (한글). English and Korean do not have perfectly matching sounds, so using [[romanization]] is mostly a bad idea. On the following pages we have laid out a six-step lesson plan and have employed various methods to help others learn the Korean script quickly and effectively. This is a joint project between the Korean Wiki Project and [http://www.talktomeinkorean.com TalktomeinKorean.com]. We have been looking for the right voices to represent the Hangeul sounds and they volunteered time from their busy schedule to move this project forward. We are very thankful for their effort and support.
  
Más adelante se creará una unidad 7 para para ayudar con la pronunciación avanzada.
+
''A seventh step will also be created in the future to help you with advanced pronunciation.''
 +
{{-}}
 +
==Why Learn the Korean Alphabet?==
 +
Some people feel that learning Romanized Korean is sufficient and do not realize how much it holds them back from becoming better at Korean. Below are some simple reasons why Korean Romanization is bad.
  
==Breve historia==
+
*'''English sounds and Korean sounds are not the same.''' Would it make sense to try to learn English using the Korean alphabet? Especially when there are no F, V, and Z sounds in Korean? Obviously Korean does not contain all the sounds of English, and in the same sense, English does not contain all the sounds of Korean. Therefore the English alphabet cannot accurately represent the sounds of Korean. If one wants to learn English, one should learn the English alphabet and its sounds. In the same sense, if one wants to learn Korean, one should learn the Korean alphabet and its sounds.
''Vea el artículo completo (inglés) en [[Wikipedia:Origin_of_Hangul|El origen del Hangeul]]''
+
*'''Korean Romanization is misleading and ambiguous.'''
[[Image:Hunmin jeong-eum.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Una página de Hunmin Jeong-eum Eonha]]
+
**If one has no experience with Korean at all and uses a book with travel phrases with Romanized Korean, the pronunciation will be totally off. For example, how would you pronounce the Romanized word 'neon' ? Like 'ni-yon' or closer to 'nun'? The pronunciation is closer to 'nun' but how would you know that when it is spelled like the English word 'neon?'
Al observar la frustración que sentían sus siervos por no poder expresar sus sentimientos mediante los caracteres chinos utilizados hasta la época, el rey Sejong el Grande se sintió impelido a crear un nuevo alfabeto, al que actualmente denominamos ''Hankul'' o ''Hangul''.
+
**There are various Romanization systems and sometimes it is hard to know which system one is using. For example, the gold medal Olympic skater "Kim Yuna" (김연아) is not romanized in the traditional way, but is instead spelled closer to its English pronunciation. If it were assumed it was from the Revised Romanization System, it would sound like Yoona, not Yuna since yu represents ㅠ  not ㅕ.
 +
**There is no such sounds as Woo and Yi and it is impossible to write in Korean, yet sometimes the sound ㅜ gets spelled as Woo and 이 gets spelled as Yi.
  
Debido a la facilidad con la cual se aprende el alfabeto, algunos letrados contemporáneos a Sejong lo denominaron ''amkul'', que significa "letra de mujeres". Precisamente, gracias a esa facilidad, el analfabetismo prácticamente ha desaparecido de Corea.
+
For more reasons, see: [[Romanization#Problems]].
 +
==Brief History==
 +
''See full article at [[Wikipedia:Origin_of_Hangul|The Origin of Hangeul]]''
 +
[[File:King Sejong.JPG|thumb|right|200px|King Sejong]]
 +
[[Image:Hunmin jeong-eum.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A page from the Hunmin Jeong-eum Eonha]]
 +
Hangeul was introduced under Sejong the Great and finished around 1444.  Up until and even after that time, Chinese characters were used as the written language, limiting reading and writing to the royal and government elite. King Sejong wanted Korea to have its own script that could be easily learned by anyone -- even commoners.  After its creation, Hangeul was said to be easy enough to learn that a wise man could finish it in the morning and a fool could finish it by night.  For this reason there was opposition to Hangeul for a time by Korean aristocrats, believing only those of social superiority should have this special privilege.
 +
 
 +
Ever since Hangeul was first introduced, it has gone through many phases of refinement.  Korean went through a large reformation during the Japanese colonization in the early 1900's, removing many of the [[Archaic and obsolete letters|now-archaic letters]] and changing several rules.
 +
 
 +
Hangeul is considered easy to learn by many people because most of the similar shaped letters have a similar sound as well, making it easy to see the relationship and making it easy to memorize.
 
{{-}}
 
{{-}}
  
==Letras==
+
==Basics==
El coreano es muy diferente respecto a otros idiomas asiático ya que no usa letras que representan ideas (como el japonés con los kanjis). Al igual que el inglés, las letras se clasifican en consonantes o vocales.
+
  
===Consonantes===
+
===Consonants===
The letters for the consonants fall into five groups, each with a basic shape and one or more letters derived from this shape by means of additional strokes. The basic shapes represent the positions of the tongue, palate, teeth, and throat when making these sounds. The consonant clusters are not common and can only appear in the bottom position of a syllable.
+
There are 14 basic consonants in Korean and five double consonants which are formed from the basic consonants ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ, and respectively.
*Simple: [[]], [[ㄴ]], [[]], [[ㄹ]], [[ㅁ]], [[]], [[]], [[ㅇ]], [[]], [[ㅎ]]
+
*[[Stress|Tense]] (or [[Stress|stressed]]) consonants or glottalized (written as two simple, identical consonants and involve tensing of the involved speech organs): [[ㄲ]], [[ㄸ]], [[ㅃ]], [[ㅆ]], [[ㅉ]]
+
*[[Aspiration|Aspirated]] (blowing more air than the simple consonant on which it is based): [[ㅊ]], [[ㅋ]], [[ㅌ]], [[ㅍ]]
+
*Consonant clusters (containing two unrelated consonants): [[ㄳ]], [[ㄵ]], [[ㄶ]], [[ㄺ]], [[ㄻ]], [[ㄼ]], [[ㄽ]], [[ㄾ]], [[ㄿ]], [[ㅀ]], [[ㅄ]]
+
  
<!--====Design====
+
{| class="wikitable" style = "margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
The letters for the consonants fall into five groups, each with a basic shape and one or more letters derived from this shape by means of additional strokes. The basic shapes represent the positions of the tongue, palate, teeth, and throat when making these sounds.-->
+
|-
 +
|Basic consonants
 +
|[[File:Basic consonants.png]]
 +
|-
 +
| Double consonants
 +
|[[File:Double consonants.png]]
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Vowels===
 +
There are eight basic vowel sounds along with 13 other complex vowel sounds. These complex vowels are called diphthongs, which are combinations of no more than two vowels. Whereas multiple vowels are normally voiced in separate syllables, each vowel composing a diphthong is voiced together within one syllable. As you can also see just from looking, most diphthongs are combinations of two basic vowels.
  
<!--{| class="wikitable"
+
All basic vowels are created by three types of strokes. The first stroke symbolizes Heaven and is a dot (•), though in modern Korean this dot is just a simple, short stroke. The next type of stroke symbolizes earth and is a horizontal line (ㅡ). The final stroke symbolizes man (ㅣ). These symbols are combined to create the Korean vowels, for example | plus • makes ㅏ.
 +
{| class="wikitable" style = "margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
 
|-
 
|-
|+Articulation
+
|Basic vowels
! Place↓ Manner→ !! [[:Category:Stop consonants|Stop]] !! [[:Category:Affricate consonants|Affricate]] !! [[:Category:Fricative consonants|Fricative]] !! [[:Category:Nasal consonants|Nasal]] !! [[:Category:Approximant consonants|Approximant]]
+
|[[File:Basic vowels.png]]
 
|-
 
|-
! [[:Category:Velar consonants|Velar]] ([[아]][[음]] <牙音> "molar sounds")
+
|Complex vowels
| [[]], [[]], [[]]
+
|[[File:Complex vowels.png]]
|  
+
|}
|
+
 
|
+
==Syllable Blocks==
|
+
Korean words are written from left to right and words are formed by writing each syllable in a block-like shape. Each letter inside the block forms a sound. The word for 'person' is 사람, romanized as 'saram,' and consists of two syllables. The letters ㅅ + ㅏ make the syllable block of 사 ('sa'), while ㄹ + ㅏ + ㅁ make the next syllable 람 ('ram'). The picture below will show you a sound approximation of each  of the Korean sounds contained in the word. Also note that written Korean doesn't actually draw boxes around the syllables, this is just for illustrative purposes.
 +
[[File:사람.png|center]]
 +
 
 +
Korean syllables are organized into blocks of letters that have a beginning consonant, a middle vowel, and an optional final consonant. A syllable block is composed of '''a minimum of two letters''', consisting of at least one consonant and one vowel. In our lesson plan, Steps 2, 3 and 4 will focus on just words with a consonant and one horizontal vowel, and words with a consonant and one vertical vowel (see below). Step 5 will introduce the final consonant concept and step 6 will show consonants that can consist of double vowels.
 +
[[File:Syllable blocks1.png|center]]
 +
 
 +
Also note if you want to write only a vowel, it must be written with the consonant [[]], which acts as a silent placeholder for the consonant position. Why? Think of the ying and the yang concept. If one wants to write the vowel ㅏ, they would have to write it as 아 with ㅇ being a silent placeholder for the consonant position. An easy way to remember this is to think of the ㅇ as a zero. More examples below:
 +
{| class="wikitable" style = "margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
 
|-
 
|-
! [[:Category:Coronal consonants|Coronal]] ([[설]][[음]] <舌音> "lingual sounds")
+
! Original vowel
| [[ㄷ]], [[ㄸ]], [[ㅌ]]
+
! Written by itself
|
+
|
+
| [[ㄴ]]
+
| [[ㄹ]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
! [[:Category:Bilabial consonants|Bilabial]] ([[순]][[음]] <唇音> "labial sounds")
+
|
| [[ㅂ]], [[ㅃ]], [[ㅍ]]
+
|
|
+
|
+
| [[ㅁ]]
+
|  
+
 
|-
 
|-
! [[:Category:Sibilant consonants|Sibilant]] ([[치]][[음]] <齒音> "dental sounds")
+
|
|
+
|
| [[ㅈ]], [[ㅉ]], [[ㅊ]]
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| [[ㅅ]], [[ㅆ]]
+
|  
+
|  
+
 
|-
 
|-
! [[:Category:Glottal consonants|Glottal]] ([[후]][[음]] <喉音> "throat sounds")
+
|
|  
+
|
|  
+
|-
|  
+
|
| [[ㅇ]]
+
|
| [[ㅎ]]
+
|-
 +
| ㅗ
 +
| 오
 +
|-
 +
| ㅜ
 +
| 우
 +
|-
 +
| ㅡ
 +
| 으
 +
|-
 +
| ㅣ
 +
| 이
 
|}
 
|}
-->
 
 
===Vocales===
 
Korean vowels cannot be written by themselves and must be written with a consonant. If just a vowel sound is made in a syllable, the consonant "ㅇ" acts as a silent placeholder for the consonant position. Why does Korean require a consonant be written with vowel? Think of the ying and the yang concept. So for example, in order to make the ㅏ sound in an actual word, it must be written as 아 where ㅇ is the silent consonant which acts as the placeholder for the consonant.
 
*Simple vowels: [[ㅏ]], [[ㅓ]], [[ㅗ]], [[ㅜ]], [[ㅡ]], [[ㅣ]]
 
*Iotized (Adds a 'y' sound): [[ㅑ]], [[ㅕ]], [[ㅛ]], [[ㅠ]]
 
*Dipthongs (combinations, usually adding a 'w' sound): [[ㅐ]], [[ㅒ]], [[ㅔ]], [[ㅖ]], [[ㅚ]], [[ㅟ]], [[ㅢ]], [[ㅘ]], [[ㅝ]], [[ㅙ]], [[ㅞ]]
 
 
<!--====Diseño====
 
Vowel letters are based on three elements:
 
* A horizontal line representing the flat Earth, the essence of yin.
 
* A point (now a short line) for the Sun in the heavens, the essence of yang.
 
* A vertical line for the upright Human, the neutral mediator between the Heaven and Earth.
 
Vowels can be organized by their harmony:
 
*[[:Category:Light vowels|Positive / Light / Yang]]: [[ㅏ]], [[ㅑ]], [[ㅗ]], [[ㅛ]], [[ㅐ]], [[ㅘ]], [[ㅚ]], [[ㅙ]]
 
*[[:Category:Dark vowels|Negative / Dark / Yin]]: [[ㅓ]], [[ㅕ]], [[ㅜ]], [[ㅠ]], [[ㅔ]], [[ㅝ]], [[ㅟ]], [[ㅞ]]
 
*[[:Category:Neutral vowels|Neutral / Center]]: [[ㅡ]], [[ㅣ]], [[ㅢ]]
 
In Korean [[onomatopoeia]], you can change a sounds loudness by changing the vowel from or to a light vowel to make it softer or dark vowel to make it louder-->
 
  
==Estructura==
+
==Writing==
The easiest way to describe the structure of Hangeul is that of its being a combination of both a letter-based system of writing, like the language of English, and a character-based system of writing like Chinese. Korean syllables are organized into blocks of letters that have a beginning consonant (called Cho (Hangeul: ''needed'')), a middle vowel (called Jung (Hangeul: ''needed'')), and an optional end consonant (called the batchim (Hangeul: 빋침)). A syllable block has a minimum of two letters, consisting of one consonant and one vowel.
+
As already mentioned, Korean words are written from left-to-right and top-to-bottom in block-like forms. In the next few sections you will learn how to write each letter and its appropriate stroke order. While stroke order may not seem important at first, it is important when writing Korean naturally and helps others to be able to read your handwriting. The shapes and size of the letters can be stretched or compressed to fill in the block space and to make it evenly sized with other all other syllables. In the example below, you can see how the size and shape of the letter ㄱ changes to fill in this imaginary block (highlighted in sky blue).
*ㄱ + ㅏ = 가
+
[[File:Sentence block example.png|center]]
*ㄴ + ㅜ + ㄴ = 눈
+
  
===Posible combinaciones de sílabas===
 
<gallery>
 
Image:Cons vowel horiz.gif|Consonante + vocal (horizontal): muy común
 
Image:Cons vowel cons horiz.gif|Consonante + vowel + consonante (horizontal): muy común
 
Image:Cons vowel cons cluster horiz.gif|Consonante + vowel + consonant cluster: se ve poco
 
Image:Cons vowel vert.gif|Consonant + vowel (vertical): muy común
 
Image:Cons vowel cons vert.gif|Consonante + vowel + consonante (vertical): muy común
 
Image:Cons vowel cons cluster vert.gif|Consonant + vowel + consonante clúster (vertical): se ve poco
 
Image:Cons_vowel_vowel.gif|Consonante + vocales diptongo: común
 
Image:Cons vowel vowel cons.gif|Consonante + vocales diptongo + consonant: común
 
Image:Cons vowel vowel cons cluster.gif|Consonante + vocales diptongo + consonante clúster: muy raro
 
</gallery>
 
  
Vamos a empezar!!
+
Now we are going to start learning some letters, which are called [[jamo]]. Please note that, in order to view these lessons in their entirety, you must have [http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/ Adobe Flash Player] installed. This will allow you to play all included audio files on the following pages. Don't worry, you more than likely have it installed on your computer already.
  
 
{| border=0 style="text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
 
{| border=0 style="text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Next.png|link=Hangeul step 2/es|150px]]
+
| [[File:Next.png|link=Hangeul step 2|150px]]
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 19:04, 3 July 2010

Ayuda · Chuleta · Portal de la Comunidad

Registrarse/Entrar

Introduction

Hyunwoo and Mikyung - Steps 2, 3
Seokjin and Kyoung-eun: Steps 4, 5, 6
http://www.talktomeinkorean.com

Welcome. Unlike Japanese and Chinese, the basics of the Korean script can be learned in a matter of hours. The only way to accurately pronounce Korean words is to use the Korean script, Hangeul (한글). English and Korean do not have perfectly matching sounds, so using romanization is mostly a bad idea. On the following pages we have laid out a six-step lesson plan and have employed various methods to help others learn the Korean script quickly and effectively. This is a joint project between the Korean Wiki Project and TalktomeinKorean.com. We have been looking for the right voices to represent the Hangeul sounds and they volunteered time from their busy schedule to move this project forward. We are very thankful for their effort and support.

A seventh step will also be created in the future to help you with advanced pronunciation.

Why Learn the Korean Alphabet?

Some people feel that learning Romanized Korean is sufficient and do not realize how much it holds them back from becoming better at Korean. Below are some simple reasons why Korean Romanization is bad.

  • English sounds and Korean sounds are not the same. Would it make sense to try to learn English using the Korean alphabet? Especially when there are no F, V, and Z sounds in Korean? Obviously Korean does not contain all the sounds of English, and in the same sense, English does not contain all the sounds of Korean. Therefore the English alphabet cannot accurately represent the sounds of Korean. If one wants to learn English, one should learn the English alphabet and its sounds. In the same sense, if one wants to learn Korean, one should learn the Korean alphabet and its sounds.
  • Korean Romanization is misleading and ambiguous.
    • If one has no experience with Korean at all and uses a book with travel phrases with Romanized Korean, the pronunciation will be totally off. For example, how would you pronounce the Romanized word 'neon' ? Like 'ni-yon' or closer to 'nun'? The pronunciation is closer to 'nun' but how would you know that when it is spelled like the English word 'neon?'
    • There are various Romanization systems and sometimes it is hard to know which system one is using. For example, the gold medal Olympic skater "Kim Yuna" (김연아) is not romanized in the traditional way, but is instead spelled closer to its English pronunciation. If it were assumed it was from the Revised Romanization System, it would sound like Yoona, not Yuna since yu represents ㅠ not ㅕ.
    • There is no such sounds as Woo and Yi and it is impossible to write in Korean, yet sometimes the sound ㅜ gets spelled as Woo and 이 gets spelled as Yi.

For more reasons, see: Romanization#Problems.

Brief History

See full article at The Origin of Hangeul

King Sejong
A page from the Hunmin Jeong-eum Eonha

Hangeul was introduced under Sejong the Great and finished around 1444. Up until and even after that time, Chinese characters were used as the written language, limiting reading and writing to the royal and government elite. King Sejong wanted Korea to have its own script that could be easily learned by anyone -- even commoners. After its creation, Hangeul was said to be easy enough to learn that a wise man could finish it in the morning and a fool could finish it by night. For this reason there was opposition to Hangeul for a time by Korean aristocrats, believing only those of social superiority should have this special privilege.

Ever since Hangeul was first introduced, it has gone through many phases of refinement. Korean went through a large reformation during the Japanese colonization in the early 1900's, removing many of the now-archaic letters and changing several rules.

Hangeul is considered easy to learn by many people because most of the similar shaped letters have a similar sound as well, making it easy to see the relationship and making it easy to memorize.

Basics

Consonants

There are 14 basic consonants in Korean and five double consonants which are formed from the basic consonants ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ, and ㅈ respectively.

Basic consonants Basic consonants.png
Double consonants Double consonants.png

Vowels

There are eight basic vowel sounds along with 13 other complex vowel sounds. These complex vowels are called diphthongs, which are combinations of no more than two vowels. Whereas multiple vowels are normally voiced in separate syllables, each vowel composing a diphthong is voiced together within one syllable. As you can also see just from looking, most diphthongs are combinations of two basic vowels.

All basic vowels are created by three types of strokes. The first stroke symbolizes Heaven and is a dot (•), though in modern Korean this dot is just a simple, short stroke. The next type of stroke symbolizes earth and is a horizontal line (ㅡ). The final stroke symbolizes man (ㅣ). These symbols are combined to create the Korean vowels, for example | plus • makes ㅏ.

Basic vowels Basic vowels.png
Complex vowels Complex vowels.png

Syllable Blocks

Korean words are written from left to right and words are formed by writing each syllable in a block-like shape. Each letter inside the block forms a sound. The word for 'person' is 사람, romanized as 'saram,' and consists of two syllables. The letters ㅅ + ㅏ make the syllable block of 사 ('sa'), while ㄹ + ㅏ + ㅁ make the next syllable 람 ('ram'). The picture below will show you a sound approximation of each of the Korean sounds contained in the word. Also note that written Korean doesn't actually draw boxes around the syllables, this is just for illustrative purposes.

사람.png

Korean syllables are organized into blocks of letters that have a beginning consonant, a middle vowel, and an optional final consonant. A syllable block is composed of a minimum of two letters, consisting of at least one consonant and one vowel. In our lesson plan, Steps 2, 3 and 4 will focus on just words with a consonant and one horizontal vowel, and words with a consonant and one vertical vowel (see below). Step 5 will introduce the final consonant concept and step 6 will show consonants that can consist of double vowels.

Syllable blocks1.png

Also note if you want to write only a vowel, it must be written with the consonant , which acts as a silent placeholder for the consonant position. Why? Think of the ying and the yang concept. If one wants to write the vowel ㅏ, they would have to write it as 아 with ㅇ being a silent placeholder for the consonant position. An easy way to remember this is to think of the ㅇ as a zero. More examples below:

Original vowel Written by itself

Writing

As already mentioned, Korean words are written from left-to-right and top-to-bottom in block-like forms. In the next few sections you will learn how to write each letter and its appropriate stroke order. While stroke order may not seem important at first, it is important when writing Korean naturally and helps others to be able to read your handwriting. The shapes and size of the letters can be stretched or compressed to fill in the block space and to make it evenly sized with other all other syllables. In the example below, you can see how the size and shape of the letter ㄱ changes to fill in this imaginary block (highlighted in sky blue).

Sentence block example.png


Now we are going to start learning some letters, which are called jamo. Please note that, in order to view these lessons in their entirety, you must have Adobe Flash Player installed. This will allow you to play all included audio files on the following pages. Don't worry, you more than likely have it installed on your computer already.

Next.png